고시원각방考試院各房accommodationsforstudentsstudyingforexamssleepinseparatebedrooms MALDEKPhaeton(alternatively Phaethon /ˈfeɪ.əθən/ or Phaëton /ˈfeɪ.ətən/; from Ancient Greek: Φαέθων, romanized: Phaéthōn, pronounced [pʰa.é.tʰɔːn]) 고시원원룸考試院ワンルームaccommodationsforstudentsstudyingforexamsone-room 고시원원내시비걸다考試院院內是非accommodationsforstudentsstudyingforexamscomeoutswingingdirect[make]one'scomplaintagainstaperson 고시원부엌겸식당考試院廚房食堂accommodationsforstudentsstudyingforexamskitchenakitchen-cum-diningroom 고시원복도考試院複道accommodationsforstudentsstudyingforexamscorridorhall(way)passage(way) 침대寢臺bedberthbunk 책상冊床deskwritingtabledesk 의자椅子chairstool mirror거울거울같은것반영하는것잘보여주다반영하다lookingglass 밥쌀등을재료로한음식쌀밥steamedriceboiledcookedrice 잡곡밥boiledriceandcereals 김치kimchi김치찌개kimchistewpickledvegetables 순두부찌개softtofustew 된장찌개백반KoreanSetMenuwithSoybeanPasteStew 가정식백반ahome-cookedmeal 한정식음식한식KoreanTabled'hoteHan-jeongsik 라면rameninstantnoodles컵라면instantcupramen 식수食水drinkingwater 담배cigarettesmokefagtobaccocigar 사이다lemon-limesodaSpriteSevenUpcider 탄산음료carbonateddrinksodafizzydrinkpop mineralsodatonicwaterthirst-busterCarbonatedBeverage 콜라colaCokeCoca-Cola bread빵crispbreadFrenchbreadgingerbreadbuncakepeeproti 과자菓子crackercookiebiscuitconfectionerysnackfoods 국수noodleslaksaplainnoodleseggnoodlesvermicelli 꽃게매운탕음식한식SpicyBlueCrabStewkkotgemaeuntang 굴비생선구이백반KoreanSetMenuwithGrilledYellowCorvinagulbisaengseonguibaekban 수면睡眠sleepslumberz'sshut-eye 취침就寢gotobedsleepretireturninhitthesack horizontalexercisewhileoneisasleep 배변排便bowelmovementevacuationdefecation urineandfeces대소변大小便 easerelievenature대소변을보다callofnature 먹다eathaveconsumetakedevourtakeget partakeconsumescofftake 마시다drinkhaveinhalebreathein 흡연구역smokingarea 담배피우기흡연smokingbidismokingcigaretteuse abanonsmoking흡연금지 passivesmoking간접흡연 자위自慰consoleoneselfcomfortoneself 수음masturbationonanismmasturbateplaywithoneself wankfingerfuckself-gratificationautomanipulation self-defense자기방어자위(自衛)호신 성교性交sexsexualintercoursesexualrelations 성교性交coitushavesexualintercoursewithhavesexwithhavecoitus 성교불능性交不能impotenceimpotency screwsexualintercoursebonkcouplingarollinthehay 사정射精정액을내보냄ejaculationejaculate BigOanorgasmicorgasmicdisorder orgasmicfunctionorgasmicreconditioning tohaveanorgasmduringintercourse 성감대erogenouszonesexuallysensitivearea anerogenouszoneofthebodyerogenouszones성감대性感帶 성적흥분性的興奮aphrodisia 성적흥분性的興奮sexualexcitementarousal 성적흥분장애sexualarousaldisorder auto-erotic자기색정적인자기몸을통해성적흥분을일으키는 psychokick격한성적흥분강렬한오르가슴 Transvestisminvolvesobtainingsexualexcitementthroughcrossdressing 말하다말로나타내다saytellspeaktalk이야기하다ask speaksaytellobservevotetalkmentiondescribe 미각입맛tastepalateclaspersapor 맛보기상미미각gustationcercusdegustation 미각thesenseoftastegoûtgustatorysense 포르노pornographypornoeroticasmut 포르노잡지pornpornographicmagazineadultmagazine 포르노영화pornpornographicfilmmovieadultmovie 포르노배우pornactoractressadultfilmactoractress coprology외설취미포르노shortheist sexshop포르노가게strokehouse포르노극장 videoporn포르노비디오askinfilm포르노영화 askinflickpornyfuckfilmcyberporn sexploiterskinhouseskinflickbluemovie hard-corepornhotchatsmutbusiness eroductionsmutcomsoftpornography JapaneseAdultVideosJAV 남성성기batandballsballsandbat 여성성기女性性器muliebria 성기性器sexualgenitalorgansgenitals Atlantis생식샘生殖thesexsexualgenitalglandagonad 생식샘生殖thesexsexualgenitalglandagonad 자지dickcockpenis 보지여성의외음부vulvamuffpussy 膣屄毴寶唐之陰門相思不見見牛未見羊不見是圖 腎牡陰莖屌屪𣬠㞗𡳇𣬶男根肾龜龜腎莖䘒𧗔坐藏之 陰縮狗腎黃狗腎陰痿天宦鼓子 삽입揷入insertioninterpositioninterpolation삽입하다insertinterposeinterpolateputathingin揷入揷 피부皮膚살살결skinfleshdermiscutisderm 더러운느낌adirtyfeeling 염오厭惡abhorrence 뒤통수뒷머리backofthehead 머리윗면Thetopofthehead 이마foreheadbrow 아래팔antebrachiumforearm 아래팔근막antebrachialfascia 노쪽아래팔피판radialforeamflap upperarm상박上膊상완上腕 bicepsbrachii상완이두근上腕二頭筋 olecranal팔꿈치주두elbowanconcubitus wrist손목팔목carpusshacklebonerascette 견갑골肩胛骨theshoulderbladethescapula 견갑골후면肩胛骨後面faciesposteriorscapulae pelvis골반pelvicboneHumanpelvis hipthepelvicbones골반뼈 back등등허리barebackhorseback등뼈척추backbonespine 등근육musclesofbackbackmuscles 하복부下腹部lowerabdomenlowerpartofthebelly hypogastrium하복부abdominalregions 배stomachbellyabdomentummy 군살fatflabpotbellybulgegutlovehandles paunchguttumabdomenshitbag groin사타구니서혜부groynecrotchinguinal 엉덩이둔부buttbuttocksbottombehindrearendbumassrump 회음부會陰部theperinealregionkundalini 항문肛門anusanalpassage Thighadiposestemcells허벅지지방줄기세포 Cross-sectionofthethighshowingmusclesandbone Cross-sectionthroughthemiddleofthethigh Alsoshowingmajorbloodvesselsandnerves TheObturatorexternus Backthighmusclesoftheglutealandposteriorfemoralregions FrontofthighmusclesfromGray'sAnatomyofthehumanbody 옆구리sideflankpleuro-lateroabdominal Surfacelinesofthefrontofthethoraxandabdomen Theflankorlatus 허리waistthesmallofone'sbackmiddlehuckle haunchbone허리뼈腰骨無名骨hipbonehaunch 겨드랑이armpitpitarmpitoxteraxillaaxillaryfossa 가슴chestbreastsbustbosomboobsheart front 앞쪽가슴hooterbustthoraxpereion beengravedoninyourheartmemorymindetc 가슴, 기억, 마음 등에 새겨지다 pectus가슴흉부胸部thoraco-courapbreasticles pectoral가슴의가슴근육흉근bazoombustymidriff midriff횡격막 늑막肋膜thepleura rib갈비뼈늑골ribcagecostasternalrib oscostale늑골肋骨갈비뼈costalbone 흉골胸骨thesternumthebreastbone 흉추胸椎thethoracicvertebrae 경골頸骨theneckbonesthecervicalvertebrae 비골鼻骨thenasalbone 요골腰骨thehipbonethehucklebone 경추頸椎thecervicalvertebral 제2경추第二頸椎epistropheus 제1경추골第一頸椎骨atlas thecervicalspine경추목등뼈 cervicalspine목뼈경추spine 요추腰椎thelumbarvertebra 척추脊椎spinebackbonespinalvertebralcolumnvertebra 해골骸骨머리뼈skullskeleton 발footfeetpaw 뒷덜미목의뒤쪽napeofone'sneckbackofone'sneck 관자놀이貫子templetemporo-haffet temporalbone측두골관자놀이뼈 ear귀cauliflowerearglueearmiddleear청각 shell-likelugauris사람의귀listenhear infratrochlear하비갑개下鼻甲介 conchanasalisinferior하비갑개下鼻甲介아래코선반 (알려 주다) show, indicate (나이를) get older, grow older (끼니) meal, (음식) food 3. (동물의 먹이) food, feed PC방행정공공시설(기타 편의·시설)InternetCafe 주거住居(거주하는집)dwellingabode(거주하는것)residenceliving 숙박宿泊lodge(in/at)stay(at/with)putup 숙소宿所lodgingaccommodations 민가지역areaofprivatehouses 주소지住所地thelocalityofone'sresidence 생활지aplaceofliving 주민등록지住民登錄地residentregistrationplaceplaceofresidentregistration 민박하다民泊하다lodgetemporarilystayatsomeone'shome 주택住宅househousing 그림그리다picturefiguredrawingpaintingsketchillustrationplatedrawpaintsketch describedepict picturedrawingpaintingsketchillustrationplate 용모容貌奪取visageseizeborrowinghiringleasesharing ceaseeconomicsupport refusedlegalaid deservesgovernmentsolicitudeandeconomicassistance 자택自宅one'sownhousehome 아파트apartmentbuildinghouseblockflat 연립주택townhouserowhouseterracedhouse 다세대주택多世帶住宅multiplexhousing 공동주택共同住宅multi-unitdwellingapartmenthousesbuilding 시체屍體deadbodycorpsecadavercarcass 공동묘지cemeterygraveyard 교도소矯導所prisonjailpenitentiarypen 형무소刑務所prisonjailpenitentiarypen 화장터crematoriumcrematoriumscrematoriacrematory 조직폭력배gangsterorganizedviolentcriminal 무뢰배無賴輩aruffian 불량배thughoodlumhooliganbully 깡패―牌bullymuggergangster 양아치bullygangster 악동惡童badboygirldevil 朴鐘權박종권6301281067814 地球人朴鐘權지구인박종권6301281067814 foulplay폭행치사살인부정행위반칙 朴辰晧박진호 지구인地球人朴辰晧박진호 朴辰英박진영 지구인地球人朴辰英박진영 金善姬김선희 지구인地球人金善姬김선희 모독冒瀆insultblasphemyprofanityinsult 조롱嘲弄mockeryridiculederisionlaughatscoffatsneerat 모욕侮辱insultaffrontoffend 하대下待낮춤말을쓰다speakusingtheinformalform 가난에쪼들리다sufferfrompovertybestruckwithpoverty 궁핍한생활을하다liveinpovertybepoorbebadlyoff 비천하다卑賤humblelowly 품위가없음비열야비함하등조악lessnessignoblenesslowgrade 비열하다卑劣·鄙劣nastybasedirtyunderhandedlowdown 傷殘暴毒凶危費殃損蓋厄殆克賊割禍忮曝慘虐癒踐刻 残疾㺑惎㥍讒齕㲅㥇𣧝𣳅𢾃𢗏𢤵𨆎𤡙獵盖伤沴遏毀仇 㐫𢦏剝敝费狡㫧㬥枳㓙𣧑龁𪗟䄃威损曷𨸷蠹葢挤揍擠 憨瘉礙蠧䜛谗㦑㨈𠐣耗碍甾疚寇惨贼祸措戝旤䄀毁践 猟菑䃣䃣𤢪䃣靡窛𢵄葘中被倒竊姦盜偸攘偷窃𢿑𥨷徼 襒忨媮婾剽盗姧㡪𢅼愉撟挢狡獪猾狡兔三窟㺒狯䛢𤠖 𢛛姡㛿𡠹𧭇𠋬𡜶𤟋迌𠬍狡吏猾智狡情狡童凶黠能猾 獪猾狡惡詐黠巧黠兇猾駔險頑黠狡險奸猾猾賊猾吏 土猾㕙獹迭憊傾狡麤猾獷猾剽狡姦猾息慧憸詖佼䛲 訬黠𡤪㜥𩒖𩒖狡兔㕙鼠族老狐鬼郊墨㹟滑喬桀偸狙 墨偷謾媞乔譟孅谩㗄譣诐侻㘶⻤假僞欺機但妄詐佯 伋仮矯偽伪嚜㑟誕故僭僞贋誑㤍訏譖非僣贋躛𧥦赝 贗詳谮訛譛诈謷吪譌讹矫轣诞造详藏頭露尾虛傳官令 知乎不冬虛傳將令以假亂眞依數當然烏集之交眞實正直 捏造精誠眞心假飾素朴率直誣告假像僞證眞假裝假名 僞裝詭詐詐稱謀害僞證罪䟶假託假銜眞正僞計空念佛 MALDEK內破 MALDEK내파의이유원인도구술수수법수단방법경로과정배후지원세력적용기술과학기술체계무기체계경과경로협조자지지자협력자공로자동원세력PSYCHYPOWERCONCENTRATEDFORCEROOTSSOURSE THEPLEIADESPROJECT 이건희PROJECT 亞PLEIADES1代祖師 논개 亞PLEIADES2代祖師 이재용 亞PLEIADES3代祖師 이영애 亞PLEIADES4代祖師 이건희 THEPLEIADES4BIGOUTRAGEOUSFELLOW bimaxillary양악(兩顎)의양쪽턱을범하는 상악上顎theupperjaw 하악下顎thelowerunderjaw mouth입입구아가리주둥이jawkisserproboscis 흑승지옥黑繩地獄Kālasūtra칼라수트라 규환지옥叫喚地獄Raurava라우라바 아비지옥阿鼻地獄Avīci아비치 팔열팔한지옥八熱八寒地獄 팔승지옥 구천지옥 무간지옥 OBERONIA대지옥 ATLANTIS대지옥 거저얻다getfornothing空得공득魏空得僞空得 騙取편취defraudationswindleobtainbyfrauddefraudapersonofathingcheatapersonoutofathing 奪取罪奪取罪賴赖extortionseizureextortseizecapturehijackusurp 왕위를찬탈하다usurpseizethethrone 식인食人cannibalism식인귀食人鬼acannibaldemonmaneaterarticulated maneating식인의atribeofcannibals식인종 남창男娼여장남자gayhomosexualhomofairycallboy 이무기amonsterserpentapython吝嗇偏狹䦵惼𩰐𩰞褊剛卑𡮁𤰞𥏝痺陋侏反 지구인地球人anearthiananearthmananearthlingtellurianearthperson 지구인地球人earthpersontellurianearthwomanEarthgirls 지구인地球人Earthgirlshumanswinemanfleshandblood 지구인地球人fleshandbloodhumanitymortalmankind 지구인地球人amanofmoldahumanbeingfellowman 지구인地球人areasoningcreaturehumankindAdamite 지구인地球人andr-personkindathinkingreedasonofman LeeKun-hee이건희李健熙Aproject ThePleiadesTheSevenSistersAproject be pinched with poverty appearance, look, features TheAndromedaGalaxyMessier31M31NGC224originallytheAndromedaNebula ThePleiadesTheSevenSistersMessier45 AtlantisἈτλαντὶςνῆσοςAtlantìsnêsoslitislandofAtlas Lyralyreλύρα 베가(Vega, α Lyrae) AratheAltarBetaAraeαAraeαAraMuAraeConstellation CancerConstellation TheBeehiveClusterPraesepemangercribM44NGC2632Cr189Cluster LemuriaLimuria LandofMu 여유풍요만족에대한지시명령서제1조 우주의기본은 여유와 풍요에 있었다. 만일 이유가 없는 가난,궁핍,인색을 행할 경우 무조건 참수형에 처하고 무조건 살해사형제거소멸추방토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 가난,궁핍,하대,천대,멸시,모독,모욕과 헐벗고굶주리고살기힘든이유는 대부분은 악업때문이다. 악업으로 인한 것, 즉 이유있는 가난, 궁핍, 헐벗고굶주리고살기힘든것들은 어쩔수 없다. 그러나 그렇게 할만한 이유가 없는데 가난, 궁핍, 헐벗고굶주리고살기힘들게만드는것(섹스,부부관계,가족관계,인간관계,사회생활등기본적권리들에대한제한구속감금탄압)은 명백한 죄악이므로, 그렇게 하는 자들에 대해서 무조건 참수형에 처하고 무조건 살해사형제거소멸추방토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 특히 이유가없는데, 실체의 가장 원본원적 근본적권리에 해당되는 섹스부부관계연애및성관계를 제한하거나 구속탄압하거나 해코지할 경우 무조건 참수형에 처하며 무조건 중벌에 처하도록 지시명령처리기록되다. AndromedaGalaxy계열들로서의 Lyra, Pleiades, 2ndGalaxyWarSpace-Universe계열의 아수라짐승무리가 자행해온 지나간 세월의 일들은, 이유없는 가난,궁핍,제한,탄압의 악행들이다. 이들은 단한번도 가난, 궁핍, 헐벗고굶주리고 고통받는 삶을 살아본 적이 전혀 없는 자들로서 실제로는 재벌15세에 해당되는 자들이며, 그로서 인색하고 편협하고 왜소하고 왜곡된 사상구조체계를 가지게되다. 우리는 Pleades에 은하계 전체의 절반정도를 살수 있는 어마어마한 재화와 보물들이 그득 그득 쌓여있는 것을 목격관찰하다. 그러나 이 짐승의 무리들은, 이렇게 엄청난 재화와 보물을 가지고도 조지부시놈이나 이건희,이재용이 놈 삼성그룹놈들이 하는 방식대로 계산기 두드리며 대단히 인색하고 편협하고 왜소하게 처신함을 목격관찰하다. 이유가 있어서 그렇게 한다면 문제는 없겠으나, 우리가 목격관찰한바로는 이유가 있고 없고의 문제가 아니라, 이 종족계열의 창조자체가 잘못된 창조로서 성품,원본심,원본색 자체가 그렇게 생겨처먹은 잘못된 창조물들이라는 것이다. 따라서 ANDROMEDAGALAXYSYSTEM을 영구폐쇄시키고 PLEIADES를 멸족시키도록 지시명령처리기록되다. MURDEK지시명령서제10조 MALDEK지시명령서 準同級他界 參照제출 地球人에 대한 정의定義 지시명령서 아래는 지구인에 대한 영어방식표현이나, 실제 지구인으로 불려야 할 실체들은, 인간사람이며, 인간사람이 아닌 실체들을 지구인으로 표현하는 영문표현방식은 잘못된것으로서 폐기토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 지구인은, 인간,인류로 불리우는 사람을 지구인으로 표현토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 지구는 제3차원 물질계의 창조를 위하여 창조되다. 제3차원 물질계의 문명창조는, 물질계가 아닌 물리계, 물상계, 에테르계 및 기타 계의 문제를 해결해줄 수단도구로서 표현되었으나, 원본래목적과의도가 폐기되었으며 그로서 부정성과 모순이 증대되었으며, 전체은하계에 부정적인 악영향을 주었으므로, 즉각 지구인에 대한 정의를 재정립하고 향후 제3차원물질계에서 살아가는 인간의 아들, 사람의 아들을 지구인으로 부르도록 지시명령처리기록되다. 地球EARTH(어쓰, 접지, 그라운드에 연결되는 지선, 맨밑바닥세상과 연결되는 지점) : 3 DIMENSIONAL BIO-MATRIX MATERAL-PHYSICAL SYSTEM/ 3D material civilization 3次元物質文明 제3차원물질계에서 문명을 창조한 전례가 우주에 없었다. 그로서 양아치, 건달, 재벌15세가 창궐하여 문제가 심각하므로, 원안대로 진행토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 제3차원 물질계문명창조를 위하여 요구되는 기간 : 약 600조년간의 경험생존및경과기간이 필요하다로서 지시명령처리기록되다. 지구인地球人anearthiananearthmananearthlingtellurianearthperson 지구인地球人earthpersontellurianearthwomanEarthgirls 지구인地球人Earthgirlshumanswinemanfleshandblood 지구인地球人fleshandbloodhumanitymortalmankind 지구인地球人amanofmoldahumanbeingfellowman 지구인地球人areasoningcreaturehumankindAdamite 지구인地球人andr-personkindathinkingreedasonofman MURDEK MALDEK ANDROMEDAGALAXY와準同級他界聯合元老院 ANDROMEDAGALAXY 무르데크Murdeck 부자 우리가 놀란 것은, 박근혜전대통령의 말을 들은이후다 우리는 초봉380000원(38만원)받고 회사다니다가, 나중에 과장되고 난후, 한 2년간 특별보너스받고 그래서 연봉 6500만원 정도 받았다. 우리가 기억하기로는 단 한번도 부유하게 살아본 적이 없고, 다만 과장시절 한 2년간 한숨내쉬고 여유를 가질까말까하는 정도밖에는 없는 실제 빈곤층이었다. 그렇지만 그렇게 살면서도 우리는 우리가 중산층은 된다고 여긴다. 회사다니고 과장(하급과장)이면 중산층아니냐 하는 생각을 가진다. 그런데 여기와서 알게 된 사실들은 매우 놀랍다. 박근혜전대통령이 말하기를 중위계층은 집(싯가4~6억원)이 4채이상되어야 하고, 월수입이 적어도 1500만원이상 되어야 한다고 말한다. 중산층하고 중위계층하고 도대체 무슨 차이가 있는거냐를 생각해본다. 정부기관이나 언론방송등에서는 중위계층이라는 말을 쓰지 않는다. 우리가 아는바로는, 빈곤층, 중산층 정도의 용어를 쓰고, 도대체 어느 정도가 되어야 부자이고 어느 정도가 되어야 먹고 산다고 할 정도이고, 어느 정도가 되어야 중산층이라고 할수 있는지에 대한 명확한 기준을 공개하지 않는거다. 말하자면 대부분의 국민들을 기망하는 수법인데, 진실을 알려주지 않는거다. 아는 사람만 알고, 대부분의 사람들은 도대체 어느 정도 되어야 부자인지 잘 모른다. 우리도 모르는데, 우리가 뭘 잘 아는 놈은 아니지만, 그래도 조금은 인식하는 정도는 된다. 그런데 우리도 모른다. 우리가 회사생활하면서 보면, 대부분의 직장인들은 월수입이 500만원이하다. 재벌그룹이라고 해도, 과부장봉급은 월500만원 이내이다. 과장봉급해봐야 약 350만원, 부장봉급해봐야 약 500만원 정도다. 대리봉급은 약 270만원, 사원봉급은 약 180만원에서 200만원선이다. 이사급, 상무이사급 정도나 되어야 연봉이 1억원이 넘는데, 상무이사같은 경우는 많이주면 약 3억원의 연봉이고, 적게 주면 약 1억원 혹은 약 7~8천만원 정도일거다. 물론 이건희회사(삼성그룹삼성전자)는, 사장급이면 약 50억원 연봉이고, LG그룹같은 경우는 사장급이 약 30억원선인 것으로 안다. 삼성전자가 다른 회사에 비해서 봉급 많이 주는 것 같지만 그게 아니다. 그리고 많이 주는 것처럼 행할수 있는 이유는 딴거없다. 아틀란티스 때문이다. 아틀란티스의 지원으로 돈을 벌고, 그래서 봉급이나 특별상여금 많이 주는거지 그거 아니면 LG그룹만도 못했을거다. 아틀란티스수준이면, 지구인으로 치환했을때(실제는 지구인으로 오지도 않는다. 아틀란티스인 수준에서 지구인으로 오면 사형처리된 죄수다) 재산규모로는 약 4천억원선이다. 아틀란티스인이 지구인이 되었다고 치면, 그리고 부모로부터 상속받는 재산이 아예 없다고 치고 계산해보면, 매년 50억원의 연봉을 받는 셈이다. 80세까지 산다고 가정하면, 4천억원 재산형성을 위해서는 매년 50억원 연봉수준이다. 물론 4천억원이라는 재산이 어떻게 산출되는지 우리는 모른다. 이 50억원이라는 연봉은 실제로는 아틀란티스인 수준의 연봉이라는 의미를 가진다. 그런데 지구인 삼성그룹사장단은 연봉50억원을 받는다. 아틀란티스인 수준과 동등하다는 얘기다. 아틀란티스인과 지구인 비교시, 아틀란티스인의 등급,지위,서열 그리고 기타 과학기술문명의식기타수준면에서 비교가 되지 않는데, 지구인들의 봉급수준이 매우 높다는 얘기다.(물론 일부 극소수다) 창조성, 생산성, 효율, 실력, 능력 및 기타 고려시 지구인의 경우는, 실제로는 아무리 높아도 연봉이 10억원이상이 될수 없다는 얘기다.(일본인들 의견참조) 보통 1억원이상 받으면 많이 받는거다. 미국회사도 초임연봉은, 윌스트리트같은 경우에도 5천만원 선으로 안다. 그런데 문제는 요 봉급으로는 박근혜가 말하는 중위계층과는 너무도 먼 딴 나라얘기가 된다. 중위계층이 되려면 월급 월수입이 1500만원이상이어야 하는데, 요걸 연봉으로 계산하면, 근 2억원 수준이 된다. 연봉2억원정도는 되어야 중위계층이라는 의미다. 이 수준은, 도대체가 회사사원노릇해서는 불가능한 액수다. 조그마한 회사에서 사장노릇이라도 해야 가능한 액수다. 최소한 사장급이 되어야 가능하다. 직원사원으로는 불가능하다. 재벌그룹도 상무이사급이나 되어야 1억원조금 넘게 받는다. 보통 1억7천만원 정도고 우리가 알기로는 그보다 더 낮은 수준이다. 삼성은 아틀란티스지원으로 횡재를 해서 돈을 많이 주는거고 일반회사같으면 그렇게 많이주기는 곤란할 거다. 플레이아데스인들을 보고 우리가 뭐라고 하는 이유는 이들이 돈을 잘 쓰고 안 쓰고의 문제가 아니라, 이들의 사상체계가 그렇다는 의미다. 이건희는 이건희프로젝트를 하면서, 무려 9조8천억원의 개인소득을 부외로 얻는다. 여기에 다시 삼성그룹자체적으로는 약 55조원의 추가매출이익을 얻는다. 이렇게 엄청난 이익을 얻지만, 이 사람은 조금도 박종권이에게 고맙다고 여기지도 않았으며, 그 어떤 대가도 주지 않았다. 이런 방식이 바로 플레이아데스인(라이라인들과 안드로메다은하계놈들도 같다)들의 사고체계이고 이들의 사상이다. 여기서는 돈을 잘 쓴다 안 쓴다는 문제가 아니다. 당신보고 도대체 그렇게 많은 돈을 가지고 뭘 할거냐고 묻는다면, 이들은 아무런 말도 하지 않는데, 우리가 아는 바로는, 통치자금화해서 세상을 지배하기 위해서 그렇게 돈을 긁어모은다는 것이다. 그게 진실이다. 아틀란티스인들만 해도 지구인대비로는 엄청난 수준의 기술과 과학 그리고 능력들을 가지지만 이 사람들도 지구인으로 오면 4천억원 수준이다. 물론 4천억원이 적은 돈은 아니다. 아주 큰 돈이다. 하지만 지구인 이건희는 재산이 무려 80조원에 이른다. 게다가 미국의 대부호들을 보면, 어떤 사람은, 재산규모가 약 600조원이 넘는 사람들도 있다. 아틀란티스를 개떼로 표현하지만, 이 사람들의 경우는 그래도는 일부는 안 그런면도 있기는 있다. 하지만 플레이아데스를 보면 도대체가 어처구니가 없다. 미국의 대부호 그러니까 600조원 혹은 900조원의 천문학적 재산을 가진 사람이 실제로는 플레이아데스인들이다. 비록 亞플레이아데스인지만, 플레이아데스인이다. 우리가 이 사람들을 보면 이해가 안가는데, 그게 플레이아데스인들의 문제다. 그리고 안드로메다은하계놈들의 문제이기도 하다. 안드로메다은하계놈들의 사상체계는, 인과응보나 원인과 결과, 공평무사함과 공정, 정의의 사상이 아니다. 이들의 사상체계는 아수라사상체계이고, 착취의 사상체계로서 이 대우주를 오염시키는 아주 저급하고 저열하등한 사상체계를 가진다. 착취라는 것은, 이건희처럼 엄청난 이익을 얻지만, 조금도 고맙다고 여기지 않고 당연하다고 여기는 것을 말한다. 우리가 주인이고 너희는 노예이므로 네가 일을 열심히 해서 우리가 이익을 얻더라도 이건 당연하고 고마울 것이 전혀 없는데, 우리가 머리가 좋고 영리하고 계획을 잘 세우고 과학과 기술이 높고 능력이 좋아서 그렇게 착취하여 이익을 냈다고 여긴다. 그리고는 조금도 대가나 결과를 안 준다. 그게 안드로메다은하계놈들이다. 즉, 일을 열심히 한 사람에 대한 공정 정의 공평무사함과 인과응보적 처리사상이 전혀 없는 무도하고 저열하급한 하등한 무리라는 얘기다. 그리고 그게 플레이아데스다. 그리고 그러한 사상체계는 지구인세계를 오염시키고 이건희같은 자를 우대하고 처우하고 높게 채용하여 쓰는 이유가 되다. 그리고 그렇게 해야만 보스이고 지도자이고 높은 지위의 자격이라고 믿는 이유가 된다. 그게 천하고 더럽고 추한 플레이아데스사상이다. 그리고 안드로메다은하계사상이다. 사람이 일을 잘하거나 열심을 가지고 뭘 하거나 하는 건 조금도 중요하지 않은데, 그게 왜 그런고 하면, 일이라는 것이 성과나 업적을 낼때 주어진 조건과 환경에서는 그다지 중요하지 않기 때문이다. 예를 들어서 삼성이 반도체하나 성공해서 큰 돈을 버는데, 만일 반도체를 개발할 기술이나 능력, 실력이 없다고 하면, 아무리 일을 열심히 해도 그렇게 큰 돈을 못 번다. 그리고 역으로, 지구인수준에서는 반도체를 개발할 능력, 실력이 없다는 점이다. 그런데 아틀란티스에서 공짜로 기술을 준다. 그러면, 이건희 입장에서 보면, 정치잘하고 아부 잘해서, 아틀란티스나 선진국 지도자들 환심만 사면 떼돈을 버는데, 요건 일을 잘하고 못하고와는 전혀 무관계하다. 인간레벨에서는 아무리 일을 잘하는 놈이라고 해도, 그러한 일 잘하는 능력으로 인한 결과는 미미하다. 그런데 결과나 성과를 무진장 도출할수 있는 방법이 있다. 그게 아부잘하고 상급상위계에 잘보이고, 환심사서 기술받고 지원받고 그러는거다. 지구인수준에서는 아무리 명문대나오고 그래도 이익을 낼수 있는 첨단의 그 무엇을 개발하거나 창조할 능력이 없는것이다. 그러면 도대체 일을 열심히 하자고 지랄하는 이유는 뭐냐? 그게 안드로메다,라이라,플레이아데스 원본심이다. 실제로는 이 자들도 마찬가지다. 왜 그런고 하면, 이미 필요한 기술, 과학들은 수천억조년전부터 어떤 놈이 개발해놓고 있다. 가져다가 쓰기만 하면 되고, 힘들게 개발하고 연구하고 자시고도 없다. 그러니 누가 일 잘하고 못하고는 문제가 아니다. 그냥 거저 가져다가 쓰면 비임쉽만들고, 로보트 만들고 우주여행한다. 여기서 중요한 것은 일 잘하는 게 아니다. 그러나 이들이 그렇게 강조하는거다. 잘 생각해보라. 이들이 왜 그럴까? 아무리 실력있고 능력있고 일 열심히하는 놈이라고 해도 내맘에 안들면 졸지에 병신취급하고 내쳐버릴수 있기에 그렇게 하는거다. 네가 아무리 열심히 일하고 일 잘하고 그래도 성과나 업적을 보면 그냥 놀아가면서 해도 매출나오고 성과 나오고 그러는데, 도대체 네 놈이 뭐냐? 이 식이다. 그래서 조금만 비위를 거슬리면 그대로 병신취급하고 내치는데 그렇게 할수 있는 이유가, 필요한 기술, 과학, 제반 노우하우들이 그냥 거저 어떤 새끼들이 제공지원해주기 때문이다. 이러한 점을 감안하여, 향후 지구인수준의 레벨급 종족계나 문명계에 뭔가를 지원해줄때는 잘 고려해서 지원해야 하는데, 우리가 보건대는, 반도체 수준이면, 영적연륜이 적어도 700만세이상이 되어야 한다는 점이다. 즉 나이가 어린 놈들에게는 그러한 기술이나 과학을 주어서는 안 된다는 얘기다. 이런 수법들은 이른바 정적제거용으로 제격이다. 네가 아무리 잘하고 열심히 해도, 이미 다 있어 그리고 네가 뭘 하든 누구나 다 해 이거다. 영어 잘하면 매출늘고 서양사람들한테 사랑받고 그래? 그게 아니다. 하지만 그렇다고 주장하려 한다. 조지부시같은 놈도 이런 식의 사고방식에 동참한다. 그런 식으로 정적을 제거하고, 모든 것을 내가 다 하고 모든 결과나 대가도 내가 가진다고 주장하는 방식이다. 그게 플레이아데스방식이고, 그게 안드로메다은하계놈들의 사고방식이다. 그건 지배의 쾌락을 만끽하려는 편협하고 왜소한 사상으로부터 유래된다. 우리는 이런 부류의 하등한 놈들이 지구인사회에만 있는줄 알았는데, 알고보니, 플레이아데스로 가면 더 심하고 안드로메다은하계는 더더 심하다. 우리가 목격관찰한 바로는 적어도 UNIVERSE-DRAGON급은 되어야 이런 것이 없어진다. 밥 처 먹고 똥만 내지르는 놈들이라는 의미는 이런 건데, 실제로 잘못된 우주다. 잘못 창조된 우주라는 얘기다. 특히 안드로메다은하계놈들이다. MURDEK MALDEK SPACE-UNIVERSE DRAGON GROUP

 고시원각방考試院各房accommodationsforstudentsstudyingforexamssleepinseparatebedrooms

MALDEKPhaeton(alternatively Phaethon /ˈfeɪ.əθən/ or Phaëton /ˈfeɪ.ətən/; from Ancient Greek: Φαέθων, romanized: Phaéthōn, pronounced [pʰa.é.tʰɔːn]) 

고시원원룸考試院ワンルームaccommodationsforstudentsstudyingforexamsone-room 

고시원원내시비걸다考試院院內是非accommodationsforstudentsstudyingforexamscomeoutswingingdirect[make]one'scomplaintagainstaperson

고시원부엌겸식당考試院廚房食堂accommodationsforstudentsstudyingforexamskitchenakitchen-cum-diningroom

고시원복도考試院複道accommodationsforstudentsstudyingforexamscorridorhall(way)passage(way)

침대寢臺bedberthbunk

책상冊床deskwritingtabledesk

의자椅子chairstool

mirror거울거울같은것반영하는것잘보여주다반영하다lookingglass 

밥쌀등을재료로한음식쌀밥steamedriceboiledcookedrice

잡곡밥boiledriceandcereals

김치kimchi김치찌개kimchistewpickledvegetables

순두부찌개softtofustew

된장찌개백반KoreanSetMenuwithSoybeanPasteStew 

가정식백반ahome-cookedmeal

한정식음식한식KoreanTabled'hoteHan-jeongsik

라면rameninstantnoodles컵라면instantcupramen

식수食水drinkingwater

담배cigarettesmokefagtobaccocigar

사이다lemon-limesodaSpriteSevenUpcider

탄산음료carbonateddrinksodafizzydrinkpop

mineralsodatonicwaterthirst-busterCarbonatedBeverage 

콜라colaCokeCoca-Cola

bread빵crispbreadFrenchbreadgingerbreadbuncakepeeproti 

과자菓子crackercookiebiscuitconfectionerysnackfoods

국수noodleslaksaplainnoodleseggnoodlesvermicelli 

꽃게매운탕음식한식SpicyBlueCrabStewkkotgemaeuntang

굴비생선구이백반KoreanSetMenuwithGrilledYellowCorvinagulbisaengseonguibaekban

수면睡眠sleepslumberz'sshut-eye

취침就寢gotobedsleepretireturninhitthesack

horizontalexercisewhileoneisasleep

배변排便bowelmovementevacuationdefecation

urineandfeces대소변大小便

easerelievenature대소변을보다callofnature

먹다eathaveconsumetakedevourtakeget

partakeconsumescofftake

마시다drinkhaveinhalebreathein

흡연구역smokingarea

담배피우기흡연smokingbidismokingcigaretteuse 

abanonsmoking흡연금지

passivesmoking간접흡연

자위自慰consoleoneselfcomfortoneself

수음masturbationonanismmasturbateplaywithoneself

wankfingerfuckself-gratificationautomanipulation

self-defense자기방어자위(自衛)호신

성교性交sexsexualintercoursesexualrelations

성교性交coitushavesexualintercoursewithhavesexwithhavecoitus

성교불능性交不能impotenceimpotency

screwsexualintercoursebonkcouplingarollinthehay

사정射精정액을내보냄ejaculationejaculate

BigOanorgasmicorgasmicdisorder

orgasmicfunctionorgasmicreconditioning

tohaveanorgasmduringintercourse

성감대erogenouszonesexuallysensitivearea

anerogenouszoneofthebodyerogenouszones성감대性感帶

성적흥분性的興奮aphrodisia

성적흥분性的興奮sexualexcitementarousal

성적흥분장애sexualarousaldisorder

auto-erotic자기색정적인자기몸을통해성적흥분을일으키는

psychokick격한성적흥분강렬한오르가슴

Transvestisminvolvesobtainingsexualexcitementthroughcrossdressing

말하다말로나타내다saytellspeaktalk이야기하다ask

speaksaytellobservevotetalkmentiondescribe 

미각입맛tastepalateclaspersapor

맛보기상미미각gustationcercusdegustation

미각thesenseoftastegoûtgustatorysense

포르노pornographypornoeroticasmut

포르노잡지pornpornographicmagazineadultmagazine

포르노영화pornpornographicfilmmovieadultmovie

포르노배우pornactoractressadultfilmactoractress

coprology외설취미포르노shortheist

sexshop포르노가게strokehouse포르노극장

videoporn포르노비디오askinfilm포르노영화

askinflickpornyfuckfilmcyberporn

sexploiterskinhouseskinflickbluemovie 

hard-corepornhotchatsmutbusiness

eroductionsmutcomsoftpornography

JapaneseAdultVideosJAV

남성성기batandballsballsandbat

여성성기女性性器muliebria

성기性器sexualgenitalorgansgenitals

Atlantis생식샘生殖thesexsexualgenitalglandagonad

생식샘生殖thesexsexualgenitalglandagonad

자지dickcockpenis

보지여성의외음부vulvamuffpussy

膣屄毴寶唐之陰門相思不見見牛未見羊不見是圖

腎牡陰莖屌屪𣬠㞗𡳇𣬶男根肾龜龜腎莖䘒𧗔坐藏之

陰縮狗腎黃狗腎陰痿天宦鼓子

삽입揷入insertioninterpositioninterpolation삽입하다insertinterposeinterpolateputathingin揷入揷

피부皮膚살살결skinfleshdermiscutisderm

더러운느낌adirtyfeeling

염오厭惡abhorrence

뒤통수뒷머리backofthehead

머리윗면Thetopofthehead

이마foreheadbrow

아래팔antebrachiumforearm

아래팔근막antebrachialfascia

노쪽아래팔피판radialforeamflap

upperarm상박上膊상완上腕

bicepsbrachii상완이두근上腕二頭筋

olecranal팔꿈치주두elbowanconcubitus 

wrist손목팔목carpusshacklebonerascette

견갑골肩胛骨theshoulderbladethescapula

견갑골후면肩胛骨後面faciesposteriorscapulae

pelvis골반pelvicboneHumanpelvis

hipthepelvicbones골반뼈

back등등허리barebackhorseback등뼈척추backbonespine

등근육musclesofbackbackmuscles

하복부下腹部lowerabdomenlowerpartofthebelly

hypogastrium하복부abdominalregions

배stomachbellyabdomentummy

군살fatflabpotbellybulgegutlovehandles

paunchguttumabdomenshitbag

groin사타구니서혜부groynecrotchinguinal 

엉덩이둔부buttbuttocksbottombehindrearendbumassrump

회음부會陰部theperinealregionkundalini 

항문肛門anusanalpassage

Thighadiposestemcells허벅지지방줄기세포

Cross-sectionofthethighshowingmusclesandbone 

Cross-sectionthroughthemiddleofthethigh

Alsoshowingmajorbloodvesselsandnerves

TheObturatorexternus

Backthighmusclesoftheglutealandposteriorfemoralregions

FrontofthighmusclesfromGray'sAnatomyofthehumanbody 

옆구리sideflankpleuro-lateroabdominal

Surfacelinesofthefrontofthethoraxandabdomen

Theflankorlatus

허리waistthesmallofone'sbackmiddlehuckle 

haunchbone허리뼈腰骨無名骨hipbonehaunch

겨드랑이armpitpitarmpitoxteraxillaaxillaryfossa

가슴chestbreastsbustbosomboobsheart

front 앞쪽가슴hooterbustthoraxpereion

beengravedoninyourheartmemorymindetc 

가슴, 기억, 마음 등에 새겨지다

pectus가슴흉부胸部thoraco-courapbreasticles

pectoral가슴의가슴근육흉근bazoombustymidriff 

midriff횡격막

늑막肋膜thepleura

rib갈비뼈늑골ribcagecostasternalrib

oscostale늑골肋骨갈비뼈costalbone

흉골胸骨thesternumthebreastbone

흉추胸椎thethoracicvertebrae

경골頸骨theneckbonesthecervicalvertebrae

비골鼻骨thenasalbone

요골腰骨thehipbonethehucklebone

경추頸椎thecervicalvertebral

제2경추第二頸椎epistropheus

제1경추골第一頸椎骨atlas

thecervicalspine경추목등뼈

cervicalspine목뼈경추spine

요추腰椎thelumbarvertebra

척추脊椎spinebackbonespinalvertebralcolumnvertebra

해골骸骨머리뼈skullskeleton

발footfeetpaw

뒷덜미목의뒤쪽napeofone'sneckbackofone'sneck

관자놀이貫子templetemporo-haffet

temporalbone측두골관자놀이뼈

ear귀cauliflowerearglueearmiddleear청각

shell-likelugauris사람의귀listenhear

infratrochlear하비갑개下鼻甲介

conchanasalisinferior하비갑개下鼻甲介아래코선반

(알려 주다) show, indicate

(나이를) get older, grow older

(끼니) meal, (음식) food


3.

(동물의 먹이) food, feed

PC방행정공공시설(기타 편의·시설)InternetCafe

주거住居(거주하는집)dwellingabode(거주하는것)residenceliving

숙박宿泊lodge(in/at)stay(at/with)putup

숙소宿所lodgingaccommodations

민가지역areaofprivatehouses

주소지住所地thelocalityofone'sresidence

생활지aplaceofliving

주민등록지住民登錄地residentregistrationplaceplaceofresidentregistration

민박하다民泊하다lodgetemporarilystayatsomeone'shome

주택住宅househousing

그림그리다picturefiguredrawingpaintingsketchillustrationplatedrawpaintsketch

describedepict 

picturedrawingpaintingsketchillustrationplate

용모容貌奪取visageseizeborrowinghiringleasesharing 

ceaseeconomicsupport

refusedlegalaid

deservesgovernmentsolicitudeandeconomicassistance

자택自宅one'sownhousehome

아파트apartmentbuildinghouseblockflat

연립주택townhouserowhouseterracedhouse

다세대주택多世帶住宅multiplexhousing

공동주택共同住宅multi-unitdwellingapartmenthousesbuilding

시체屍體deadbodycorpsecadavercarcass

공동묘지cemeterygraveyard

교도소矯導所prisonjailpenitentiarypen

형무소刑務所prisonjailpenitentiarypen

화장터crematoriumcrematoriumscrematoriacrematory

조직폭력배gangsterorganizedviolentcriminal

무뢰배無賴輩aruffian

불량배thughoodlumhooliganbully

깡패―牌bullymuggergangster

양아치bullygangster

악동惡童badboygirldevil

朴鐘權박종권6301281067814

地球人朴鐘權지구인박종권6301281067814

foulplay폭행치사살인부정행위반칙

朴辰晧박진호

지구인地球人朴辰晧박진호

朴辰英박진영

지구인地球人朴辰英박진영

金善姬김선희

지구인地球人金善姬김선희

모독冒瀆insultblasphemyprofanityinsult

조롱嘲弄mockeryridiculederisionlaughatscoffatsneerat

모욕侮辱insultaffrontoffend

하대下待낮춤말을쓰다speakusingtheinformalform

가난에쪼들리다sufferfrompovertybestruckwithpoverty

궁핍한생활을하다liveinpovertybepoorbebadlyoff

비천하다卑賤humblelowly

품위가없음비열야비함하등조악lessnessignoblenesslowgrade

비열하다卑劣·鄙劣nastybasedirtyunderhandedlowdown

傷殘暴毒凶危費殃損蓋厄殆克賊割禍忮曝慘虐癒踐刻

残疾㺑惎㥍讒齕㲅㥇𣧝𣳅𢾃𢗏𢤵𨆎𤡙獵盖伤沴遏毀仇

㐫𢦏剝敝费狡㫧㬥枳㓙𣧑龁𪗟䄃威损曷𨸷蠹葢挤揍擠

憨瘉礙蠧䜛谗㦑㨈𠐣耗碍甾疚寇惨贼祸措戝旤䄀毁践

猟菑䃣䃣𤢪䃣靡窛𢵄葘中被倒竊姦盜偸攘偷窃𢿑𥨷徼 

襒忨媮婾剽盗姧㡪𢅼愉撟挢狡獪猾狡兔三窟㺒狯䛢𤠖 

𢛛姡㛿𡠹𧭇𠋬𡜶𤟋迌𠬍狡吏猾智狡情狡童凶黠能猾

獪猾狡惡詐黠巧黠兇猾駔險頑黠狡險奸猾猾賊猾吏

土猾㕙獹迭憊傾狡麤猾獷猾剽狡姦猾息慧憸詖佼䛲

訬黠𡤪㜥𩒖𩒖狡兔㕙鼠族老狐鬼郊墨㹟滑喬桀偸狙

墨偷謾媞乔譟孅谩㗄譣诐侻㘶⻤假僞欺機但妄詐佯

伋仮矯偽伪嚜㑟誕故僭僞贋誑㤍訏譖非僣贋躛𧥦赝

贗詳谮訛譛诈謷吪譌讹矫轣诞造详藏頭露尾虛傳官令

知乎不冬虛傳將令以假亂眞依數當然烏集之交眞實正直

捏造精誠眞心假飾素朴率直誣告假像僞證眞假裝假名

僞裝詭詐詐稱謀害僞證罪䟶假託假銜眞正僞計空念佛

MALDEK內破

MALDEK내파의이유원인도구술수수법수단방법경로과정배후지원세력적용기술과학기술체계무기체계경과경로협조자지지자협력자공로자동원세력PSYCHYPOWERCONCENTRATEDFORCEROOTSSOURSE

THEPLEIADESPROJECT

이건희PROJECT

亞PLEIADES1代祖師 논개

亞PLEIADES2代祖師 이재용

亞PLEIADES3代祖師 이영애

亞PLEIADES4代祖師 이건희

THEPLEIADES4BIGOUTRAGEOUSFELLOW

bimaxillary양악(兩顎)의양쪽턱을범하는

상악上顎theupperjaw

하악下顎thelowerunderjaw

mouth입입구아가리주둥이jawkisserproboscis

흑승지옥黑繩地獄Kālasūtra칼라수트라

규환지옥叫喚地獄Raurava라우라바

아비지옥阿鼻地獄Avīci아비치

팔열팔한지옥八熱八寒地獄

팔승지옥

구천지옥

무간지옥

OBERONIA대지옥

ATLANTIS대지옥

거저얻다getfornothing空得공득魏空得僞空得

騙取편취defraudationswindleobtainbyfrauddefraudapersonofathingcheatapersonoutofathing

奪取罪奪取罪賴赖extortionseizureextortseizecapturehijackusurp

왕위를찬탈하다usurpseizethethrone

식인食人cannibalism식인귀食人鬼acannibaldemonmaneaterarticulated 

maneating식인의atribeofcannibals식인종

남창男娼여장남자gayhomosexualhomofairycallboy

이무기amonsterserpentapython吝嗇偏狹䦵惼𩰐𩰞褊剛卑𡮁𤰞𥏝痺陋侏反

지구인地球人anearthiananearthmananearthlingtellurianearthperson

지구인地球人earthpersontellurianearthwomanEarthgirls 

지구인地球人Earthgirlshumanswinemanfleshandblood

지구인地球人fleshandbloodhumanitymortalmankind

지구인地球人amanofmoldahumanbeingfellowman

지구인地球人areasoningcreaturehumankindAdamite

지구인地球人andr-personkindathinkingreedasonofman

LeeKun-hee이건희李健熙Aproject 

ThePleiadesTheSevenSistersAproject

be pinched with poverty

appearance, look, features

TheAndromedaGalaxyMessier31M31NGC224originallytheAndromedaNebula

ThePleiadesTheSevenSistersMessier45

AtlantisἈτλαντὶςνῆσοςAtlantìsnêsoslitislandofAtlas 

Lyralyreλύρα

베가(Vega, α Lyrae)

AratheAltarBetaAraeαAraeαAraMuAraeConstellation

CancerConstellation

TheBeehiveClusterPraesepemangercribM44NGC2632Cr189Cluster

LemuriaLimuria

LandofMu

여유풍요만족에대한지시명령서제1조

 

우주의기본은 여유와 풍요에 있었다. 만일 이유가 없는 가난,궁핍,인색을 행할 경우 무조건 참수형에 처하고 무조건 살해사형제거소멸추방토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 가난,궁핍,하대,천대,멸시,모독,모욕과 헐벗고굶주리고살기힘든이유는 대부분은 악업때문이다. 악업으로 인한 것, 즉 이유있는 가난, 궁핍, 헐벗고굶주리고살기힘든것들은 어쩔수 없다. 그러나 그렇게 할만한 이유가 없는데 가난, 궁핍, 헐벗고굶주리고살기힘들게만드는것(섹스,부부관계,가족관계,인간관계,사회생활등기본적권리들에대한제한구속감금탄압)은 명백한 죄악이므로, 그렇게 하는 자들에 대해서 무조건 참수형에 처하고 무조건 살해사형제거소멸추방토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 특히 이유가없는데, 실체의 가장 원본원적 근본적권리에 해당되는 섹스부부관계연애및성관계를 제한하거나 구속탄압하거나 해코지할 경우 무조건 참수형에 처하며 무조건 중벌에 처하도록 지시명령처리기록되다.

AndromedaGalaxy계열들로서의 Lyra, Pleiades, 2ndGalaxyWarSpace-Universe계열의 아수라짐승무리가 자행해온 지나간 세월의 일들은, 이유없는 가난,궁핍,제한,탄압의 악행들이다. 이들은 단한번도 가난, 궁핍, 헐벗고굶주리고 고통받는 삶을 살아본 적이 전혀 없는 자들로서 실제로는 재벌15세에 해당되는 자들이며, 그로서 인색하고 편협하고 왜소하고 왜곡된 사상구조체계를 가지게되다. 우리는 Pleades에 은하계 전체의 절반정도를 살수 있는 어마어마한 재화와 보물들이 그득 그득 쌓여있는 것을 목격관찰하다. 그러나 이 짐승의 무리들은, 이렇게 엄청난 재화와 보물을 가지고도 조지부시놈이나 이건희,이재용이 놈 삼성그룹놈들이 하는 방식대로 계산기 두드리며 대단히 인색하고 편협하고 왜소하게 처신함을 목격관찰하다. 이유가 있어서 그렇게 한다면 문제는 없겠으나, 우리가 목격관찰한바로는 이유가 있고 없고의 문제가 아니라, 이 종족계열의 창조자체가 잘못된 창조로서 성품,원본심,원본색 자체가 그렇게 생겨처먹은 잘못된 창조물들이라는 것이다. 따라서 ANDROMEDAGALAXYSYSTEM을 영구폐쇄시키고 PLEIADES를 멸족시키도록 지시명령처리기록되다.

MURDEK지시명령서제10조

MALDEK지시명령서

準同級他界 參照제출


地球人에 대한 정의定義 지시명령서

아래는 지구인에 대한 영어방식표현이나, 실제 지구인으로 불려야 할 실체들은, 인간사람이며, 인간사람이 아닌 실체들을 지구인으로 표현하는 영문표현방식은 잘못된것으로서 폐기토록 지시명령처리기록되다.

지구인은, 인간,인류로 불리우는 사람을 지구인으로 표현토록 지시명령처리기록되다.

지구는 제3차원 물질계의 창조를 위하여 창조되다. 제3차원 물질계의 문명창조는, 물질계가 아닌 물리계, 물상계, 에테르계 및 기타 계의 문제를 해결해줄 수단도구로서 표현되었으나, 원본래목적과의도가 폐기되었으며 그로서 부정성과 모순이 증대되었으며, 전체은하계에 부정적인 악영향을 주었으므로, 즉각 지구인에 대한 정의를 재정립하고 향후 제3차원물질계에서 살아가는 인간의 아들, 사람의 아들을 지구인으로 부르도록 지시명령처리기록되다. 

地球EARTH(어쓰, 접지, 그라운드에 연결되는 지선, 맨밑바닥세상과 연결되는 지점) : 3 DIMENSIONAL BIO-MATRIX MATERAL-PHYSICAL SYSTEM/ 3D material civilization 3次元物質文明

제3차원물질계에서 문명을 창조한 전례가 우주에 없었다. 그로서 양아치, 건달, 재벌15세가 창궐하여 문제가 심각하므로, 원안대로 진행토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 제3차원 물질계문명창조를 위하여 요구되는 기간 : 약 600조년간의 경험생존및경과기간이 필요하다로서 지시명령처리기록되다.

지구인地球人anearthiananearthmananearthlingtellurianearthperson

지구인地球人earthpersontellurianearthwomanEarthgirls 

지구인地球人Earthgirlshumanswinemanfleshandblood

지구인地球人fleshandbloodhumanitymortalmankind

지구인地球人amanofmoldahumanbeingfellowman

지구인地球人areasoningcreaturehumankindAdamite

지구인地球人andr-personkindathinkingreedasonofman

MURDEK

MALDEK

ANDROMEDAGALAXY와準同級他界聯合元老院

ANDROMEDAGALAXY

무르데크Murdeck

부자

우리가 놀란 것은, 박근혜전대통령의 말을 들은이후다

우리는 초봉380000원(38만원)받고 회사다니다가, 나중에 과장되고 난후, 한 2년간 특별보너스받고 그래서 연봉 6500만원 정도 받았다. 우리가 기억하기로는 단 한번도 부유하게 살아본 적이 없고, 다만 과장시절 한 2년간 한숨내쉬고 여유를 가질까말까하는 정도밖에는 없는 실제 빈곤층이었다.

그렇지만 그렇게 살면서도 우리는 우리가 중산층은 된다고 여긴다. 회사다니고 과장(하급과장)이면 중산층아니냐 하는 생각을 가진다.

그런데 여기와서 알게 된 사실들은 매우 놀랍다.

박근혜전대통령이 말하기를

중위계층은 집(싯가4~6억원)이 4채이상되어야 하고, 월수입이 적어도 1500만원이상 되어야 한다고 말한다. 중산층하고 중위계층하고 도대체 무슨 차이가 있는거냐를 생각해본다. 정부기관이나 언론방송등에서는 중위계층이라는 말을 쓰지 않는다. 우리가 아는바로는, 빈곤층, 중산층 정도의 용어를 쓰고, 도대체 어느 정도가 되어야 부자이고 어느 정도가 되어야 먹고 산다고 할 정도이고, 어느 정도가 되어야 중산층이라고 할수 있는지에 대한 명확한 기준을 공개하지 않는거다.

말하자면 대부분의 국민들을 기망하는 수법인데, 진실을 알려주지 않는거다. 아는 사람만 알고, 대부분의 사람들은 도대체 어느 정도 되어야 부자인지 잘 모른다. 우리도 모르는데, 우리가 뭘 잘 아는 놈은 아니지만, 그래도 조금은 인식하는 정도는 된다. 그런데 우리도 모른다.

우리가 회사생활하면서 보면, 대부분의 직장인들은 월수입이 500만원이하다. 재벌그룹이라고 해도, 과부장봉급은 월500만원 이내이다.

과장봉급해봐야 약 350만원, 부장봉급해봐야 약 500만원 정도다.

대리봉급은 약 270만원, 사원봉급은 약 180만원에서 200만원선이다.

이사급, 상무이사급 정도나 되어야 연봉이 1억원이 넘는데, 상무이사같은 경우는 많이주면 약 3억원의 연봉이고, 적게 주면 약 1억원 혹은 약 7~8천만원 정도일거다.

물론 이건희회사(삼성그룹삼성전자)는, 사장급이면 약 50억원 연봉이고, LG그룹같은 경우는 사장급이 약 30억원선인 것으로 안다.

삼성전자가 다른 회사에 비해서 봉급 많이 주는 것 같지만 그게 아니다. 그리고 많이 주는 것처럼 행할수 있는 이유는 딴거없다. 아틀란티스 때문이다. 아틀란티스의 지원으로 돈을 벌고, 그래서 봉급이나 특별상여금 많이 주는거지 그거 아니면 LG그룹만도 못했을거다.

아틀란티스수준이면, 지구인으로 치환했을때(실제는 지구인으로 오지도 않는다. 아틀란티스인 수준에서 지구인으로 오면 사형처리된 죄수다) 재산규모로는 약 4천억원선이다.

아틀란티스인이 지구인이 되었다고 치면, 그리고 부모로부터 상속받는 재산이 아예 없다고 치고 계산해보면, 매년 50억원의 연봉을 받는 셈이다. 80세까지 산다고 가정하면, 4천억원 재산형성을 위해서는 매년 50억원 연봉수준이다. 물론 4천억원이라는 재산이 어떻게 산출되는지 우리는 모른다. 이 50억원이라는 연봉은 실제로는 아틀란티스인 수준의 연봉이라는 의미를 가진다.

그런데 지구인 삼성그룹사장단은 연봉50억원을 받는다. 아틀란티스인 수준과 동등하다는 얘기다.

아틀란티스인과 지구인 비교시, 아틀란티스인의 등급,지위,서열 그리고 기타 과학기술문명의식기타수준면에서 비교가 되지 않는데, 지구인들의 봉급수준이 매우 높다는 얘기다.(물론 일부 극소수다)

창조성, 생산성, 효율, 실력, 능력 및 기타 고려시 지구인의 경우는, 실제로는 아무리 높아도 연봉이 10억원이상이 될수 없다는 얘기다.(일본인들 의견참조) 보통 1억원이상 받으면 많이 받는거다.

미국회사도 초임연봉은, 윌스트리트같은 경우에도 5천만원 선으로 안다.

그런데 문제는 요 봉급으로는 박근혜가 말하는 중위계층과는 너무도 먼 딴 나라얘기가 된다. 중위계층이 되려면 월급 월수입이 1500만원이상이어야 하는데, 요걸 연봉으로 계산하면, 근 2억원 수준이 된다. 연봉2억원정도는 되어야 중위계층이라는 의미다.

이 수준은, 도대체가 회사사원노릇해서는 불가능한 액수다. 조그마한 회사에서 사장노릇이라도 해야 가능한 액수다. 최소한 사장급이 되어야 가능하다. 직원사원으로는 불가능하다.

재벌그룹도 상무이사급이나 되어야 1억원조금 넘게 받는다. 보통 1억7천만원 정도고 우리가 알기로는 그보다 더 낮은 수준이다.

삼성은 아틀란티스지원으로 횡재를 해서 돈을 많이 주는거고 일반회사같으면 그렇게 많이주기는 곤란할 거다.

플레이아데스인들을 보고 우리가 뭐라고 하는 이유는 이들이 돈을 잘 쓰고 안 쓰고의 문제가 아니라, 이들의 사상체계가 그렇다는 의미다.

이건희는 이건희프로젝트를 하면서, 무려 9조8천억원의 개인소득을 부외로 얻는다. 여기에 다시 삼성그룹자체적으로는 약 55조원의 추가매출이익을 얻는다. 이렇게 엄청난 이익을 얻지만, 이 사람은 조금도 박종권이에게 고맙다고 여기지도 않았으며, 그 어떤 대가도 주지 않았다. 이런 방식이 바로 플레이아데스인(라이라인들과 안드로메다은하계놈들도 같다)들의 사고체계이고 이들의 사상이다. 여기서는 돈을 잘 쓴다 안 쓴다는 문제가 아니다.

당신보고 도대체 그렇게 많은 돈을 가지고 뭘 할거냐고 묻는다면, 이들은 아무런 말도 하지 않는데, 우리가 아는 바로는, 통치자금화해서 세상을 지배하기 위해서 그렇게 돈을 긁어모은다는 것이다. 그게 진실이다. 아틀란티스인들만 해도 지구인대비로는 엄청난 수준의 기술과 과학 그리고 능력들을 가지지만 이 사람들도 지구인으로 오면 4천억원 수준이다. 물론 4천억원이 적은 돈은 아니다. 아주 큰 돈이다. 하지만 지구인 이건희는 재산이 무려 80조원에 이른다. 게다가 미국의 대부호들을 보면, 어떤 사람은, 재산규모가 약 600조원이 넘는 사람들도 있다.

아틀란티스를 개떼로 표현하지만, 이 사람들의 경우는 그래도는 일부는 안 그런면도 있기는 있다. 하지만 플레이아데스를 보면 도대체가 어처구니가 없다.

미국의 대부호 그러니까 600조원 혹은 900조원의 천문학적 재산을 가진 사람이 실제로는 플레이아데스인들이다. 비록 亞플레이아데스인지만, 플레이아데스인이다.

우리가 이 사람들을 보면 이해가 안가는데, 그게 플레이아데스인들의 문제다.

그리고 안드로메다은하계놈들의 문제이기도 하다.

안드로메다은하계놈들의 사상체계는, 인과응보나 원인과 결과, 공평무사함과 공정, 정의의 사상이 아니다. 이들의 사상체계는 아수라사상체계이고, 착취의 사상체계로서 이 대우주를 오염시키는 아주 저급하고 저열하등한 사상체계를 가진다. 착취라는 것은, 이건희처럼 엄청난 이익을 얻지만, 조금도 고맙다고 여기지 않고 당연하다고 여기는 것을 말한다. 우리가 주인이고 너희는 노예이므로 네가 일을 열심히 해서 우리가 이익을 얻더라도 이건 당연하고 고마울 것이 전혀 없는데, 우리가 머리가 좋고 영리하고 계획을 잘 세우고 과학과 기술이 높고 능력이 좋아서 그렇게 착취하여 이익을 냈다고 여긴다. 그리고는 조금도 대가나 결과를 안 준다. 그게 안드로메다은하계놈들이다.

즉, 일을 열심히 한 사람에 대한 공정 정의 공평무사함과 인과응보적 처리사상이 전혀 없는 무도하고 저열하급한 하등한 무리라는 얘기다. 그리고 그게 플레이아데스다.

그리고 그러한 사상체계는 지구인세계를 오염시키고 이건희같은 자를 우대하고 처우하고 높게 채용하여 쓰는 이유가 되다.

그리고 그렇게 해야만 보스이고 지도자이고 높은 지위의 자격이라고 믿는 이유가 된다.

그게 천하고 더럽고 추한 플레이아데스사상이다. 그리고 안드로메다은하계사상이다.

사람이 일을 잘하거나 열심을 가지고 뭘 하거나 하는 건 조금도 중요하지 않은데, 그게 왜 그런고 하면, 일이라는 것이 성과나 업적을 낼때 주어진 조건과 환경에서는 그다지 중요하지 않기 때문이다. 예를 들어서 삼성이 반도체하나 성공해서 큰 돈을 버는데, 만일 반도체를 개발할 기술이나 능력, 실력이 없다고 하면, 아무리 일을 열심히 해도 그렇게 큰 돈을 못 번다. 그리고 역으로, 지구인수준에서는 반도체를 개발할 능력, 실력이 없다는 점이다. 그런데 아틀란티스에서 공짜로 기술을 준다. 그러면, 이건희 입장에서 보면, 정치잘하고 아부 잘해서, 아틀란티스나 선진국 지도자들 환심만 사면 떼돈을 버는데, 요건 일을 잘하고 못하고와는 전혀 무관계하다.

인간레벨에서는 아무리 일을 잘하는 놈이라고 해도, 그러한 일 잘하는 능력으로 인한 결과는 미미하다. 그런데 결과나 성과를 무진장 도출할수 있는 방법이 있다. 그게 아부잘하고 상급상위계에 잘보이고, 환심사서 기술받고 지원받고 그러는거다. 지구인수준에서는 아무리 명문대나오고 그래도 이익을 낼수 있는 첨단의 그 무엇을 개발하거나 창조할 능력이 없는것이다. 그러면 도대체 일을 열심히 하자고 지랄하는 이유는 뭐냐? 그게 안드로메다,라이라,플레이아데스 원본심이다.

실제로는 이 자들도 마찬가지다. 왜 그런고 하면, 이미 필요한 기술, 과학들은 수천억조년전부터 어떤 놈이 개발해놓고 있다. 가져다가 쓰기만 하면 되고, 힘들게 개발하고 연구하고 자시고도 없다.

그러니 누가 일 잘하고 못하고는 문제가 아니다. 그냥 거저 가져다가 쓰면 비임쉽만들고, 로보트 만들고 우주여행한다. 여기서 중요한 것은 일 잘하는 게 아니다. 그러나 이들이 그렇게 강조하는거다.

잘 생각해보라. 이들이 왜 그럴까? 아무리 실력있고 능력있고 일 열심히하는 놈이라고 해도 내맘에 안들면 졸지에 병신취급하고 내쳐버릴수 있기에 그렇게 하는거다.

네가 아무리 열심히 일하고 일 잘하고 그래도 성과나 업적을 보면 그냥 놀아가면서 해도 매출나오고 성과 나오고 그러는데, 도대체 네 놈이 뭐냐? 이 식이다. 그래서 조금만 비위를 거슬리면 그대로 병신취급하고 내치는데 그렇게 할수 있는 이유가, 필요한 기술, 과학, 제반 노우하우들이 그냥 거저 어떤 새끼들이 제공지원해주기 때문이다.

이러한 점을 감안하여, 향후 지구인수준의 레벨급 종족계나 문명계에 뭔가를 지원해줄때는 잘 고려해서 지원해야 하는데, 우리가 보건대는, 반도체 수준이면, 영적연륜이 적어도 700만세이상이 되어야 한다는 점이다. 즉 나이가 어린 놈들에게는 그러한 기술이나 과학을 주어서는 안 된다는 얘기다.

이런 수법들은 이른바 정적제거용으로 제격이다. 네가 아무리 잘하고 열심히 해도, 이미 다 있어 그리고 네가 뭘 하든 누구나 다 해 이거다. 영어 잘하면 매출늘고 서양사람들한테 사랑받고 그래? 그게 아니다. 하지만 그렇다고 주장하려 한다. 조지부시같은 놈도 이런 식의 사고방식에 동참한다. 그런 식으로 정적을 제거하고, 모든 것을 내가 다 하고 모든 결과나 대가도 내가 가진다고 주장하는 방식이다. 그게 플레이아데스방식이고, 그게 안드로메다은하계놈들의 사고방식이다.

그건 지배의 쾌락을 만끽하려는 편협하고 왜소한 사상으로부터 유래된다.

우리는 이런 부류의 하등한 놈들이 지구인사회에만 있는줄 알았는데, 알고보니, 플레이아데스로 가면 더 심하고 안드로메다은하계는 더더 심하다.

우리가 목격관찰한 바로는 적어도 UNIVERSE-DRAGON급은 되어야 이런 것이 없어진다.


밥 처 먹고 똥만 내지르는 놈들이라는 의미는 이런 건데, 실제로 잘못된 우주다. 잘못 창조된 우주라는 얘기다. 특히 안드로메다은하계놈들이다.


MURDEK

MALDEK

SPACE-UNIVERSE DRAGON GROUP

























댓글

이 블로그의 인기 게시물

Bullying is the use of force, coercion, hurtful teasing or threat, to abuse, aggressively dominate or intimidate. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception (by the bully or by others) of an imbalance of physical or social power. This imbalance distinguishes bullying from conflict.[1][2] Bullying is a subcategory of aggressive behavior characterized by hostile intent, imbalance of power and repetition over a period of time.[3] Bullying is the activity of repeated, aggressive behavior intended to hurt another individual, physically, mentally or emotionally. Bullying can be done individually or by a group, called mobbing,[4] in which the bully may have one or more followers who are willing to assist the primary bully or who reinforce the bully by providing positive feedback such as laughing.[5] Bullying in school and the workplace is also referred to as "peer abuse".[6] Robert W. Fuller has analyzed bullying in the context of rankism.[7] The Swedish-Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus says bullying occurs when a person is "exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons",[8] and that negative actions occur "when a person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon another person, through physical contact, through words or in other ways".[8] Individual bullying is usually characterized by a person behaving in a certain way to gain power over another person.[9] A bullying culture can develop in any context in which humans interact with each other. This may include school, family, the workplace,[10] the home, and neighborhoods. The main platform for bullying in contemporary culture is on social media websites.[11] In a 2012 study of male adolescent American football players, "the strongest predictor [of bullying] was the perception of whether the most influential male in a player's life would approve of the bullying behavior."[12] A study by The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health in 2019 showed a relationship between social media use by girls and an increase in their exposure to bullying.[13] Bullying may be defined in many different ways. In the United Kingdom, there is no legal definition of bullying,[14] while some states in the United States have laws against it.[15] Bullying is divided into four basic types of abuse – psychological (sometimes called emotional or relational), verbal, physical, and cyber.[16] Behaviors used to assert such domination may include physical assault or coercion, verbal harassment, or threat, and such acts may be directed repeatedly toward particular targets. Rationalizations of such behavior sometimes include differences of social class, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, appearance, behavior, body language, personality, reputation, lineage, strength, size, or ability.[17][18][19] Etymology The word "bully" was first used in the 1530s meaning "sweetheart", applied to either sex, from the Dutch: boel, "lover, brother", probably diminutive of Middle High German: buole, "brother", of uncertain origin (compare with the German buhle "lover"). The meaning deteriorated through the 17th century through "fine fellow", "blusterer", to "harasser of the weak". This may have been as a connecting sense between "lover" and "ruffian" as in "protector of a prostitute", which was one sense of "bully" (though not specifically attested until 1706). The verb "to bully" is first attested in 1710.[20] In the past, in American culture, the term has been used differently, as an exclamation/exhortation, in particular famously associated with Theodore Roosevelt[21] and continuing to the present in the bully pulpit, Roosevelt's coining and also as faint/deprecating praise ("bully for him"). Types Bullying has been classified by the body of literature into different types. These can be in the form of nonverbal, verbal, or physical behavior. Another classification is based on perpetrators or the participants involved, so that the types include individual and collective bullying. Other interpretation also cite emotional and relational bullying in addition to physical harm inflicted towards another person or even property.[22] There is also the case of the more recent phenomenon called cyberbullying. Physical, verbal, and relational bullying are most prevalent in primary school and could also begin much earlier while continuing into later stages in individuals lives. Individual Individual bullying tactics are perpetrated by a single person against a victim or victims.[23] Individual bullying can be classified into four types outlined below:[24] Physical Physical bullying is any bullying that hurts someone's body or damages their possessions. Stealing, shoving, hitting, fighting, and intentionally destroying someone's property are types of physical bullying. Physical bullying is rarely the first form of bullying that a victim will experience. Often bullying will begin in a different form and later progress to physical violence. In physical bullying the main weapon the bully uses is his/her body, or some part thereof; or an object as a weapon when attacking his/her victim. Sometimes groups of young adults will target and alienate a peer because of some adolescent prejudice. This can quickly lead to a situation where they are being taunted, tortured, and "beaten up" by their classmates. Physical bullying will often escalate over time, and can lead to a detrimental or fatal ending, and therefore many try to stop it quickly to prevent any further escalation.[25] Verbal Verbal bullying is one of the most common types of bullying. This is any bullying that is conducted by speaking, other use of the voice, or some form of body language and does not involve any physical contact. Bullying usually begins at this stage and includes any of the following: Derogatory name-calling and nicknaming Spreading rumors or lying about someone Threatening someone Yelling at or talking to someone in a rude or unkind tone of voice, especially without justifiable cause Mocking someone's voice or style of speaking Laughing at someone Use of body language (i.e., the middle finger) to torture someone Making insults or otherwise making fun of someone In verbal bullying, the main weapon the bully uses is voice. In many cases, verbal bullying is common in both genders, but girls are more likely to perform it. Girls, in general, are more subtle with insults than boys. Girls use verbal bullying, as well as social exclusion techniques, to dominate and control other individuals and show their superiority and power, often to try to impress someone they idolize. Many boys are subtle enough to use verbal techniques for domination when they want to avoid the trouble that can come with physically bullying someone else.[26] Relational Relational bullying (sometimes referred to as social aggression) is the type of bullying that uses relationships to hurt others.[27] The term also denotes any bullying that is done with the intent to hurt somebody's reputation or social standing which can also link in with the techniques included in physical and verbal bullying. Relational bullying is a form of bullying common among youth, but particularly upon girls. Social exclusion (slighting or making someone feel "left out") is one of the most common types of relational bullying. Relational bullying can be used as a tool by bullies to both improve their social standing and control others. Unlike physical bullying which is obvious, relational bullying is not overt and can continue for a long time without being noticed.[28] Cyber Cyberbullying is the use of technology to harass, threaten, embarrass, or target another person. When an adult is involved, it may meet the definition of cyber-harassment or cyberstalking, a crime that can have legal consequences and involve jail time.[29] This includes bullying by use of email, instant messaging, social media websites (such as Facebook), text messages, and cell phones. It is stated that Cyberbullying is more common in secondary school than in primary school.[24] Collective Collective bullying tactics are employed by more than one individual against a victim or victims. Collective bullying is known as mobbing, and can include any of the individual types of bullying. Trolling behavior on social media, although generally assumed to be individual in nature by the casual reader, is sometime organized efforts by sponsored astroturfers. Mobbing Main article: Mobbing Mobbing refers to the bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighborhood, community, or online. When it occurs as emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, subordinates or superiors, to force someone out of the workplace through rumor, innuendo, intimidation, humiliation, discrediting, and isolation, it is also referred to as malicious, nonsexual, nonracial/racial, general harassment.[30] Characteristics Bullies and accomplices Studies have shown that envy and resentment may be motives for bullying.[31] Research on the self-esteem of bullies has produced equivocal results.[32][33] While some bullies are arrogant and narcissistic,[34] they can also use bullying as a tool to conceal shame or anxiety or to boost self-esteem: by demeaning others, the abuser feels empowered.[35] Bullies may bully out of jealousy or because they themselves are bullied.[36] Psychologist Roy Baumeister asserts that people who are prone to abusive behavior tend to have inflated but fragile egos. Because they think too highly of themselves, they are frequently offended by the criticisms and lack of deference of other people, and react to this disrespect with violence and insults.[37][full citation needed] Researchers have identified other risk factors such as depression[38] and personality disorders,[39] as well as quickness to anger and use of force, addiction to aggressive behaviors, mistaking others' actions as hostile, concern with preserving self-image, and engaging in obsessive or rigid actions.[40] A combination of these factors may also be causes of this behavior.[41] In one study of youth, a combination of antisocial traits and depression was found to be the best predictor of youth violence, whereas video game violence and television violence exposure were not predictive of these behaviors.[42] Bullying may also result from a genetic predisposition or a brain abnormality in the bully.[43] While parents can help a toddler develop emotional regulation and control to restrict aggressive behavior, some children fail to develop these skills due to insecure attachment with their families, ineffective discipline, and environmental factors such as a stressful home life and hostile siblings.[24] Moreover, according to some researchers, bullies may be inclined toward negativity and perform poorly academically. Dr. Cook says, "A typical bully has trouble resolving problems with others and also has trouble academically. He or she usually has negative attitudes and beliefs about others, feels negatively toward himself/herself, comes from a family environment characterized by conflict and poor parenting, perceives school as negative and is negatively influenced by peers."[44] Contrarily, some researchers have suggested that some bullies are psychologically strongest and have high social standing among their peers, while their targets are emotionally distressed and socially marginalized.[45] Peer groups often promote the bully's actions, and members of these peer groups also engage in behaviors, such as mocking, excluding, punching, and insulting one another as a source of entertainment.[24] Other researchers also argued that a minority of the bullies, those who are not in-turn bullied, enjoy going to school, and are least likely to take days off sick.[46] Research indicates that adults who bully have authoritarian personalities, combined with a strong need to control or dominate.[47] It has also been suggested that a prejudicial view of subordinates can be a particularly strong risk factor.[48] In a recent study, bullies showed lower school performance-related self-esteem than non-involved students. They also showed higher social self-esteem than victims of traditional bullying.[49] Brain studies have shown that the section of the brain associated with reward becomes active when bullies are shown a video of someone inflicting pain on another.[50] Bystanders Often, bullying takes place in the presence of a large group of relatively uninvolved bystanders. In many cases, it is the bully's ability to create the illusion they have the support of the majority present that instills the fear of "speaking out" in protestation of the bullying activities being observed by the group. Unless the "bully mentality" is effectively challenged in any given group in its early stages, it often becomes an accepted, or supported, norm within the group.[51][52] Unless action is taken, a "culture of bullying" is often perpetuated within a group for months, years, or longer.[53] Bystanders who have been able to establish their own "friendship group" or "support group" have been found to be far more likely to opt to speak out against bullying behavior than those who have not.[54][55] In addition to communication of clear expectations that bystanders should intervene and increasing individual self-efficacy, there is growing research to suggest interventions should build on the foundation that bullying is morally wrong.[56] Among adults, being a bystander to workplace bullying was linked to depression.[57] Victims Dr. Cook says, "A typical victim is likely to be aggressive, lack social skills, think negative thoughts, experience difficulties in solving social problems, come from a negative family, school and community environments and be noticeably rejected and isolated by peers."[44] Victims often have characteristics such as being physically and mentally weak, as well as being easily distraught emotionally. They may also have physical characteristics that make them easier targets for bullies such as being overweight or having some type of physical deformity. Boys are more likely to be victims of physical bullying while girls are more likely to be bullied indirectly.[58] Low levels of self-esteem has been identified as a frequent antecedent of bullying victimization. Victims of traditional bullying tend to have lower global, social, body-related, and emotional self-esteem compared to uninvolved students.[49][59][60][61][62] Victims of cyberbullying, on the other hand, may not have lower self-esteem scores than uninvolved students but might have higher body-related self-esteem than both victims of traditional bullying and bullies.[49] It has also been shown that victims are more likely to employ self-defeating or self-deprecating humor intended to entertain others at the expense of themselves and their own feelings.[63] The results of a meta-analysis conducted by Cook and published by the American Psychological Association in 2010 concluded the main risk factors for children and adolescents being bullied, and also for becoming bullies, are the lack of social problem-solving skills.[44] Children who are bullied often show physical or emotional signs, such as: being afraid to attend school, complaining of headaches or a loss of appetite, a lack of interest in school activities, spending time with friends or family, reluctance to go out in public for fear they may encounter their bullies in public places other than school, and having an overall sense of sadness. Effects Unbalanced scales.svg This section may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help to create a more balanced presentation. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. (May 2014) Mona O'Moore of the Anti-Bullying Centre at Trinity College in Dublin, has written, "There is a growing body of research which indicates that individuals, whether child or adult, who are persistently subjected to abusive behavior are at risk of stress related illness which can sometimes lead to suicide"[64] Those who have been the targets of bullying can develop long-term emotional and behavioral problems. Bullying can cause loneliness, depression, anxiety, lead to low self-esteem and increased susceptibility to illness.[65] Bullying has also been shown to cause maladjustment in young children, and targets of bullying who were also bullies themselves exhibit even greater social difficulties.[49][66] A mental health report also found that bullying was linked to eating disorders, anxiety, body dysmorphia and other negative psychological effects.[67] Both victims and perpetrators have been shown to exhibit higher levels of loneliness.[49] Suicide Main articles: Bullying and suicide and List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying Even though there is evidence that bullying increases the risk of suicide, bullying alone does not cause suicide. Depression is one of the main reasons why kids who are bullied die by suicide.[68] It is estimated that between 15 and 25 children die by suicide every year in the UK alone because they are being bullied.[69] Certain groups seem to incur a higher risk for suicide, such as Native Americans, Alaskan Natives, Asian Americans, and LGBT people. When someone feels unsupported by family or friends, it can make the situation much worse for the victim.[70] In a self-report study completed in New York by 9th through 12th graders, victims of bullying reported more depressive symptoms and psychological distress than those who did not experience bullying.[71] All types of involvement in bullying among both boys and girls is associated with depression even a couple years later.[72] Another study that followed up with Finnish teens two years after the initial survey showed that depression and suicidal ideation is higher with teens who are bullied than those who did not report experiencing bullying.[72] A Dutch longitudinal study on elementary students reported that boys who are bully-victims, who play both roles of a victim and a bully, were more likely to experience depression or serious suicidal ideation than the other roles, victims or bullies only, while girls who have any involvement in bullying have a higher level of risk for depression.[73] In a study of high school students completed in Boston, students who self reported being victims of bullying were more likely to consider suicide when compared to youth who did not report being bullied.[74] The same study also showed a higher risk of suicidal consideration in youth who report being a perpetrator, victim, or victim-perpetrator. Victims and victim-bullies are associated with a higher risk of suicide attempts. The place where youth live also appears to differentiate their bullying experiences such that those living in more urban areas who reported both being bullied and bullying others appear to show higher risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.[74] A national survey given to American 6th through 10th grade students found that cyberbullying victims experience a higher level of depression than victims experiencing other forms of bullying. This can be related to the anonymity behind social media.[75] If a teen is being bullied and is displaying symptoms of depression it should be questioned and interventions should be implemented.[72] The Danish study showed that kids who are bullied talked to their parents and teachers about it and some reported a decrease in bullying or a stop in the bullying after a teacher or parent intervened. The study emphasizes the importance of implementing program-collaborations in schools to have programs and anti-bullying interventions in place to prevent and properly intervene when it occurs.[73] The study also shows the importance of having parents and teachers talk to the bullies about their bullying behavior in order to provide the necessary support for those experiencing bullying.[73] While some people find it very easy to ignore a bully, others may find it very difficult and reach a breaking point. There have been cases of apparent bullying suicides that have been reported closely by the media. These include the deaths of Ryan Halligan, Phoebe Prince, Dawn-Marie Wesley, Nicola Ann Raphael, Megan Meier, Audrie Pott, Tyler Clementi, Jamey Rodemeyer, Kenneth Weishuhn, Jadin Bell, Kelly Yeomans, Rehtaeh Parsons, Amanda Todd, Brodie Panlock,[76] Jessica Haffer,[77] Hamed Nastoh,[78] Sladjana Vidovic,[79] April Himes,[80] Cherice Moralez[81] and Rebecca Ann Sedwick.[82] According to the suicide awareness voices for education, suicide is one of the leading causes of death for youth from 15 to 24 years old. Over 16 percent of students seriously consider suicide, 13 percent create a plan, and 8 percent have made a serious attempt.[83] Strength and wisdom Some have argued that bullying can teach life lessons and instill strength. Helene Guldberg, a child development academic, sparked controversy when she argued that being a target of bullying can teach a child "how to manage disputes and boost their ability to interact with others", and that teachers should not intervene but leave children to respond to the bullying themselves.[84] Others, however, have pointed out that this is only true for normal peer conflicts but not for bullying cases.[85] The teaching of anti-bullying coping skills to children, carers and teachers has been found to be an effective long-term means of reducing bullying incidence rates and a valuable skill-set for individuals.[86] Testosterone production Statistically controlling for age and pubertal status, results indicated that on average verbally bullied girls produced less testosterone, and verbally bullied boys produced more testosterone than their nonbullied counterparts.[87] Dark triad Main article: Dark triad Research on the dark triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) indicate a correlation with bullying as part of evidence of the aversive nature of those traits.[88] Projection Main article: Psychological projection A bully may project his/her own feelings of vulnerability onto the target(s) of the bullying activity. Despite the fact that a bully's typically denigrating activities are aimed at the bully's targets, the true source of such negativity is ultimately almost always found in the bully's own sense of personal insecurity and/or vulnerability.[89] Such aggressive projections of displaced negative emotions can occur anywhere from the micro-level of interpersonal relationships, all the way up through to the macro-level of international politics, or even international armed conflict.[90] Emotional intelligence Main article: Bullying and emotional intelligence Bullying is abusive social interaction between peers which can include aggression, harassment, and violence. Bullying is typically repetitive and enacted by those who are in a position of power over the victim. A growing body of research illustrates a significant relationship between bullying and emotional intelligence (EI). Mayer et al., (2008) defines the dimensions of overall EI as "accurately perceiving emotion, using emotions to facilitate thought, understanding emotion, and managing emotion".[91] The concept combines emotional and intellectual processes.[92] Lower emotional intelligence appears to be related to involvement in bullying, as the bully and/or the victim of bullying. EI seems to play an important role in both bullying behavior and victimization in bullying; given that EI is illustrated to be malleable, EI education could greatly improve bullying prevention and intervention initiatives.[93] Context Internet Main article: Cyberbullying Cyberbullying is any bullying done through the use of technology. This form of bullying can easily go undetected because of lack of authoritative (including parental) supervision.[94] Because bullies can pose as someone else, it is the most anonymous form of bullying.[95] Cyberbullying includes abuse using email, instant messaging, text messaging, websites, and social networking sites.[96] Particular watchdog organizations have been designed to contain the spread of cyberbullying.[97] Disability Main article: Disability bullying Disabled people are disproportionately affected by bullying and abuse, and such activity has been cited as a hate crime.[98] The bullying is not limited to those who are visibly disabled, such as wheelchair users or physically deformed such as those with a cleft lip, but also those with developmental disabilities such as autism[99][100] and developmental coordination disorder.[101][102] There is an additional problem that those with learning disabilities are often not as able to explain things to other people, so are more likely to be disbelieved or ignored if they do complain.[citation needed] Homosexuality Main article: Gay bashing Gay bullying and gay bashing designate direct or indirect verbal or physical actions by a person or group against someone who is gay or lesbian, or perceived to be so due to rumors or because they are considered to fit gay stereotypes. Gay and lesbian youth are more likely than straight youth to report bullying, as well as be bullied.[103][104] Law Main article: Legal abuse Legal bullying is the bringing of a vexatious legal action to control and punish a person. Legal bullying can often take the form of frivolous, repetitive, or burdensome lawsuits brought to intimidate the defendant into submitting to the litigant's request, not because of the legal merit of the litigant's position, but principally due to the defendant's inability to maintain the legal battle. This can also take the form of Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP). It was partially concern about the potential for this kind of abuse that helped to fuel the protests against SOPA and PIPA in the United States in 2011 and 2012.[citation needed] Military Main articles: Bullying in the military and Dedovshchina In 2000, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) defined bullying as "the use of physical strength or the abuse of authority to intimidate or victimize others, or to give unlawful punishments".[105] Some argue that this behaviour should be allowed, due to ways in which "soldiering" is different from other occupations. Soldiers expected to risk their lives should, according to them, develop strength of body and spirit to accept bullying.[106] Parenting See also: Child abuse, Narcissistic parent, and Parental narcissistic abuse Parents who may displace their anger, insecurity, or a persistent need to dominate and control upon their children in excessive ways have been proven to increase the likelihood that their own children will in turn become overly aggressive or controlling towards their peers.[107] The American Psychological Association advises on its website that parents who may suspect their own children may be engaging in bullying activities among their peers should carefully consider the examples which they themselves may be setting for their own children regarding how they typically interact with their own peers, colleagues, and children.[108] Prison Main article: Prisoner abuse The prison environment is known for bullying. An additional complication is the staff and their relationships with the inmates. Thus, the following possible bullying scenarios are possible: Inmate bullies inmate (echoing school bullying) Staff bullies inmate Staff bullies staff (a manifestation of workplace bullying) Inmate bullies staff School Main article: School bullying A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention graphic presenting school anti-bullying guidelines. It is important to distinguish school bullying that per definition has the goal of harming the victim from normal peer conflict that is an inherent part of everyday school life and often promotes social development.[109] Unlike normal conflict, bullying is a systematic and repeated abuse committed intentionally by another student who has more power (physical, social, or otherwise). Bullying can occur in nearly any part in or around the school building, although it may occur more frequently during physical education classes and activities such as recess. Bullying also takes place in school hallways, bathrooms, on school buses and while waiting for buses, and in classes that require group work and/or after school activities. Bullying in school sometimes consists of a group of students taking advantage of or isolating one student in particular and gaining the loyalty of bystanders who want to avoid becoming the next target. In the 2011 documentary Bully, we see first hand the torture that kids go through both in school and while on the school bus. As the movie follows around a few kids we see how bullying affects them both at school as well as in their homes. While bullying has no age limit, these bullies may taunt and tease their target before finally physically bullying them. Bystanders typically choose to either participate or watch, sometimes out of fear of becoming the next target. Teachers play an important role in bullying prevention and intervention because they are the adults who spend most of their time with the students.[110][111] Bullying can, however, also be perpetrated by teachers and the school system itself; there is an inherent power differential in the system that can easily predispose to subtle or covert abuse (relational aggression or passive aggression), humiliation, or exclusion—even while maintaining overt commitments to anti-bullying policies.[112][113][114] In 2016, in Canada, a North American legal precedent was set by a mother and her son, after the son was bullied in his public school. The mother and son won a court case against the Ottawa-Carleton District School Board, making this the first case in North America where a school board has been found negligent in a bullying case for failing to meet the standard of care (the "duty of care" that the school board owes to its students). Thus, it sets a precedent of a school board being found liable in negligence for harm caused to a child, because they failed to protect a child from the bullying actions of other students. There has been only one other similar bullying case and it was won in Australia in 2013 (Oyston v. St. Patricks College, 2013).[115] Heterosexuality Main article: Sexual bullying See also: Slut-shaming Sexual bullying is "any bullying behaviour, whether physical or non-physical, that is based on a person's sexuality or gender. It is when sexuality or gender is used as a weapon by boys or girls towards other boys or girls – although it is more commonly directed at girls. It can be carried out to a person's face, behind their back or through the use of technology."[116] Transsexuality Main article: Trans bashing Trans bashing is the act of victimizing a person physically, sexually, or verbally because they are transgender or transsexual.[117] Unlike gay bashing, it is committed because of the target's actual or perceived gender identity, not sexual orientation. Work Main article: Workplace bullying Workplace bullying occurs when an employee experiences a persistent pattern of mistreatment from others in the workplace that causes harm.[118] Workplace bullying can include such tactics as verbal, nonverbal, psychological, physical abuse and humiliation. This type of workplace aggression is particularly difficult because, unlike the typical forms of school bullying, workplace bullies often operate within the established rules and policies of their organization and their society. Bullying in the workplace is in the majority of cases reported as having been perpetrated by someone in authority over the target. Bullies can also be peers, and occasionally can be subordinates.[119] The first known documented use of "workplace bullying" is in 1992 in a book by Andrea Adams called Bullying at Work: How to Confront and Overcome It.[120][121] Research has also investigated the impact of the larger organizational context on bullying as well as the group-level processes that impact on the incidence, and maintenance of bullying behavior.[122] Bullying can be covert or overt. It may be missed by superiors or known by many throughout the organization. Negative effects are not limited to the targeted individuals, and may lead to a decline in employee morale and a change in organizational culture.[10] A Cochrane Collaboration systematic review has found very low quality evidence to suggest that organizational and individual interventions may prevent bullying behaviors in the workplace.[123] Academia Main article: Bullying in academia Bullying in academia is workplace bullying of scholars and staff in academia, especially places of higher education such as colleges and universities. It is believed to be common, although has not received as much attention from researchers as bullying in some other contexts.[124] Blue-collar jobs Bullying has been identified as prominent in blue-collar jobs, including on oil rigs and in mechanic shops and machine shops. It is thought that intimidation and fear of retribution cause decreased incident reports. In industry sectors dominated by males, typically of little education, where disclosure of incidents are seen as effeminate, reporting in the socioeconomic and cultural milieu of such industries would likely lead to a vicious circle. This is often used in combination with manipulation and coercion of facts to gain favour among higher-ranking administrators.[125] Information technology Main article: Bullying in information technology A culture of bullying is common in information technology (IT), leading to high sickness rates, low morale, poor productivity, and high staff-turnover.[126] Deadline-driven project work and stressed-out managers take their toll on IT workers.[127] Courts Main article: Bullying in the legal profession Bullying in the legal profession is believed to be more common than in some other professions. It is believed that its adversarial, hierarchical tradition contributes towards this.[128] Women, trainees and solicitors who have been qualified for five years or less are more affected, as are ethnic minority lawyers and lesbian, gay and bisexual lawyers.[129] Medicine Main articles: Bullying in medicine and Bullying in nursing Bullying in the medical profession is common, particularly of student or trainee doctors and of nurses. It is thought that this is at least in part an outcome of conservative traditional hierarchical structures and teaching methods in the medical profession, which may result in a bullying cycle. Even though The American Nurses Association believes that all nursing personnel have the right to work in safe, non-abusive environments, bullying has been identified as being particularly prevalent in the nursing profession although the reasons are not clear. It is thought that relational aggression (psychological aspects of bullying such as gossiping and intimidation) are relevant. Relational aggression has been studied among girls but not so much among adult women.[127][130] Teaching Main article: Bullying in teaching School teachers are commonly the subject of bullying but they are also sometimes the originators of bullying within a school environment. Machines Children have been observed bullying anthropomorphic robots designed to assist the elderly. Their attacks start with blocking the robots' paths of movement and then escalate to verbal abuse, hitting and destroying the object. Seventy-five percent of the kids interviewed perceived the robot as "human-like" yet decided to abuse it anyway, while 35% of the kids who beat up the robot did so "for enjoyment".[131] Prevention Bullying prevention is the collective effort to prevent, reduce and stop bullying.[132] Many campaigns and events are designated to bullying prevention throughout the world. Bullying prevention campaigns and events include Anti-Bullying Day, Anti-Bullying Week, International Day of Pink, International STAND UP to Bullying Day and National Bullying Prevention Month. Anti-bullying laws in the U.S. have also been enacted in 23 of its 50 states, making bullying in schools illegal.[133] Responses Bullying is typically ongoing and not isolated behaviour. Common responses are to try to ignore it, to confront the bullies, or to turn to an authority figure. Ignoring it often does nothing to stop the bullying continuing, and it can become worse over time.[134] It can be important to address bullying behaviour early on, as it can be easier to control the earlier it is detected.[135] Bystanders play an important role in responding to bullying, as doing nothing can encourage it to continue, while small steps that oppose the behaviour can reduce it.[136] Authority figures can play an important role, such as parents or teachers in child or adolescent situations, or supervisors, human-resources staff or parent-bodies in workplace and volunteer settings. In the school context, teachers who set clear boundaries, communicate seriously that bullying behavior is unacceptable and will not be tolerated, and involve school administrators have been shown to reduce bullying.[137] Discussing bullying and its consequences with the whole class is also an important intervention that not only reduces bullying, but also encourages other students to step in and stop bullying even before it reaches its full form.[138] In general, authority figures can be influential in recognising and stopping bullying behaviour, and creating an environment that does not encourage or promote bullying.[139][140] In many situations, authority figures are untrained and unqualified, do not know how to respond, and can make the situation worse.[141] In some cases the authority figures even support the people doing the bullying, facilitating it continuing and increasing the isolation and marginalising of the target.[142] Some of the most effective ways to respond are to recognise that harmful behaviour is taking place, and to create an environment where it will not continue.[143] See also Abuse Abusive power and control Bashing (pejorative) Brodie's Law (act) Bully (2011 film) Bullying and suicide Bullying of students in higher education Discrimination Harassment Hate crime Hazing Mobbing Passive-aggressive behavior Psychological trauma Relational aggression Scapegoating Social dominance orientation Social exclusion Social media and suicide Social rejection Social undermining Taunting Teasing The Bully: A Discussion and Activity Story (book) Victimisation Workplace bullying References

Bullying is the use of force, coercion, hurtful teasing or threat, to abuse, aggressively dominate or intimidate. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception (by the bully or by others) of an imbalance of physical or social power. This imbalance distinguishes bullying from conflict.[1][2] Bullying is a subcategory of aggressive behavior characterized by hostile intent, imbalance of power and repetition over a period of time.[3] Bullying is the activity of repeated, aggressive behavior intended to hurt another individual, physically, mentally or emotionally. Bullying can be done individually or by a group, called mobbing,[4] in which the bully may have one or more followers who are willing to assist the primary bully or who reinforce the bully by providing positive feedback such as laughing.[5] Bullying in school and the workplace is also referred to as "peer abuse".[6] Robert W. Fuller has analyzed bullying in the context of rankism.[7] The Swedish-Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus says bullying occurs when a person is "exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons",[8] and that negative actions occur "when a person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon another person, through physical contact, through words or in other ways".[8] Individual bullying is usually characterized by a person behaving in a certain way to gain power over another person.[9] A bullying culture can develop in any context in which humans interact with each other. This may include school, family, the workplace,[10] the home, and neighborhoods. The main platform for bullying in contemporary culture is on social media websites.[11] In a 2012 study of male adolescent American football players, "the strongest predictor [of bullying] was the perception of whether the most influential male in a player's life would approve of the bullying behavior."[12] A study by The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health in 2019 showed a relationship between social media use by girls and an increase in their exposure to bullying.[13] Bullying may be defined in many different ways. In the United Kingdom, there is no legal definition of bullying,[14] while some states in the United States have laws against it.[15] Bullying is divided into four basic types of abuse – psychological (sometimes called emotional or relational), verbal, physical, and cyber.[16] Behaviors used to assert such domination may include physical assault or coercion, verbal harassment, or threat, and such acts may be directed repeatedly toward particular targets. Rationalizations of such behavior sometimes include differences of social class, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, appearance, behavior, body language, personality, reputation, lineage, strength, size, or ability.[17][18][19] Etymology The word "bully" was first used in the 1530s meaning "sweetheart", applied to either sex, from the Dutch: boel, "lover, brother", probably diminutive of Middle High German: buole, "brother", of uncertain origin (compare with the German buhle "lover"). The meaning deteriorated through the 17th century through "fine fellow", "blusterer", to "harasser of the weak". This may have been as a connecting sense between "lover" and "ruffian" as in "protector of a prostitute", which was one sense of "bully" (though not specifically attested until 1706). The verb "to bully" is first attested in 1710.[20] In the past, in American culture, the term has been used differently, as an exclamation/exhortation, in particular famously associated with Theodore Roosevelt[21] and continuing to the present in the bully pulpit, Roosevelt's coining and also as faint/deprecating praise ("bully for him"). Types Bullying has been classified by the body of literature into different types. These can be in the form of nonverbal, verbal, or physical behavior. Another classification is based on perpetrators or the participants involved, so that the types include individual and collective bullying. Other interpretation also cite emotional and relational bullying in addition to physical harm inflicted towards another person or even property.[22] There is also the case of the more recent phenomenon called cyberbullying. Physical, verbal, and relational bullying are most prevalent in primary school and could also begin much earlier while continuing into later stages in individuals lives. Individual Individual bullying tactics are perpetrated by a single person against a victim or victims.[23] Individual bullying can be classified into four types outlined below:[24] Physical Physical bullying is any bullying that hurts someone's body or damages their possessions. Stealing, shoving, hitting, fighting, and intentionally destroying someone's property are types of physical bullying. Physical bullying is rarely the first form of bullying that a victim will experience. Often bullying will begin in a different form and later progress to physical violence. In physical bullying the main weapon the bully uses is his/her body, or some part thereof; or an object as a weapon when attacking his/her victim. Sometimes groups of young adults will target and alienate a peer because of some adolescent prejudice. This can quickly lead to a situation where they are being taunted, tortured, and "beaten up" by their classmates. Physical bullying will often escalate over time, and can lead to a detrimental or fatal ending, and therefore many try to stop it quickly to prevent any further escalation.[25] Verbal Verbal bullying is one of the most common types of bullying. This is any bullying that is conducted by speaking, other use of the voice, or some form of body language and does not involve any physical contact. Bullying usually begins at this stage and includes any of the following: Derogatory name-calling and nicknaming Spreading rumors or lying about someone Threatening someone Yelling at or talking to someone in a rude or unkind tone of voice, especially without justifiable cause Mocking someone's voice or style of speaking Laughing at someone Use of body language (i.e., the middle finger) to torture someone Making insults or otherwise making fun of someone In verbal bullying, the main weapon the bully uses is voice. In many cases, verbal bullying is common in both genders, but girls are more likely to perform it. Girls, in general, are more subtle with insults than boys. Girls use verbal bullying, as well as social exclusion techniques, to dominate and control other individuals and show their superiority and power, often to try to impress someone they idolize. Many boys are subtle enough to use verbal techniques for domination when they want to avoid the trouble that can come with physically bullying someone else.[26] Relational Relational bullying (sometimes referred to as social aggression) is the type of bullying that uses relationships to hurt others.[27] The term also denotes any bullying that is done with the intent to hurt somebody's reputation or social standing which can also link in with the techniques included in physical and verbal bullying. Relational bullying is a form of bullying common among youth, but particularly upon girls. Social exclusion (slighting or making someone feel "left out") is one of the most common types of relational bullying. Relational bullying can be used as a tool by bullies to both improve their social standing and control others. Unlike physical bullying which is obvious, relational bullying is not overt and can continue for a long time without being noticed.[28] Cyber Cyberbullying is the use of technology to harass, threaten, embarrass, or target another person. When an adult is involved, it may meet the definition of cyber-harassment or cyberstalking, a crime that can have legal consequences and involve jail time.[29] This includes bullying by use of email, instant messaging, social media websites (such as Facebook), text messages, and cell phones. It is stated that Cyberbullying is more common in secondary school than in primary school.[24] Collective Collective bullying tactics are employed by more than one individual against a victim or victims. Collective bullying is known as mobbing, and can include any of the individual types of bullying. Trolling behavior on social media, although generally assumed to be individual in nature by the casual reader, is sometime organized efforts by sponsored astroturfers. Mobbing Main article: Mobbing Mobbing refers to the bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighborhood, community, or online. When it occurs as emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, subordinates or superiors, to force someone out of the workplace through rumor, innuendo, intimidation, humiliation, discrediting, and isolation, it is also referred to as malicious, nonsexual, nonracial/racial, general harassment.[30] Characteristics Bullies and accomplices Studies have shown that envy and resentment may be motives for bullying.[31] Research on the self-esteem of bullies has produced equivocal results.[32][33] While some bullies are arrogant and narcissistic,[34] they can also use bullying as a tool to conceal shame or anxiety or to boost self-esteem: by demeaning others, the abuser feels empowered.[35] Bullies may bully out of jealousy or because they themselves are bullied.[36] Psychologist Roy Baumeister asserts that people who are prone to abusive behavior tend to have inflated but fragile egos. Because they think too highly of themselves, they are frequently offended by the criticisms and lack of deference of other people, and react to this disrespect with violence and insults.[37][full citation needed] Researchers have identified other risk factors such as depression[38] and personality disorders,[39] as well as quickness to anger and use of force, addiction to aggressive behaviors, mistaking others' actions as hostile, concern with preserving self-image, and engaging in obsessive or rigid actions.[40] A combination of these factors may also be causes of this behavior.[41] In one study of youth, a combination of antisocial traits and depression was found to be the best predictor of youth violence, whereas video game violence and television violence exposure were not predictive of these behaviors.[42] Bullying may also result from a genetic predisposition or a brain abnormality in the bully.[43] While parents can help a toddler develop emotional regulation and control to restrict aggressive behavior, some children fail to develop these skills due to insecure attachment with their families, ineffective discipline, and environmental factors such as a stressful home life and hostile siblings.[24] Moreover, according to some researchers, bullies may be inclined toward negativity and perform poorly academically. Dr. Cook says, "A typical bully has trouble resolving problems with others and also has trouble academically. He or she usually has negative attitudes and beliefs about others, feels negatively toward himself/herself, comes from a family environment characterized by conflict and poor parenting, perceives school as negative and is negatively influenced by peers."[44] Contrarily, some researchers have suggested that some bullies are psychologically strongest and have high social standing among their peers, while their targets are emotionally distressed and socially marginalized.[45] Peer groups often promote the bully's actions, and members of these peer groups also engage in behaviors, such as mocking, excluding, punching, and insulting one another as a source of entertainment.[24] Other researchers also argued that a minority of the bullies, those who are not in-turn bullied, enjoy going to school, and are least likely to take days off sick.[46] Research indicates that adults who bully have authoritarian personalities, combined with a strong need to control or dominate.[47] It has also been suggested that a prejudicial view of subordinates can be a particularly strong risk factor.[48] In a recent study, bullies showed lower school performance-related self-esteem than non-involved students. They also showed higher social self-esteem than victims of traditional bullying.[49] Brain studies have shown that the section of the brain associated with reward becomes active when bullies are shown a video of someone inflicting pain on another.[50] Bystanders Often, bullying takes place in the presence of a large group of relatively uninvolved bystanders. In many cases, it is the bully's ability to create the illusion they have the support of the majority present that instills the fear of "speaking out" in protestation of the bullying activities being observed by the group. Unless the "bully mentality" is effectively challenged in any given group in its early stages, it often becomes an accepted, or supported, norm within the group.[51][52] Unless action is taken, a "culture of bullying" is often perpetuated within a group for months, years, or longer.[53] Bystanders who have been able to establish their own "friendship group" or "support group" have been found to be far more likely to opt to speak out against bullying behavior than those who have not.[54][55] In addition to communication of clear expectations that bystanders should intervene and increasing individual self-efficacy, there is growing research to suggest interventions should build on the foundation that bullying is morally wrong.[56] Among adults, being a bystander to workplace bullying was linked to depression.[57] Victims Dr. Cook says, "A typical victim is likely to be aggressive, lack social skills, think negative thoughts, experience difficulties in solving social problems, come from a negative family, school and community environments and be noticeably rejected and isolated by peers."[44] Victims often have characteristics such as being physically and mentally weak, as well as being easily distraught emotionally. They may also have physical characteristics that make them easier targets for bullies such as being overweight or having some type of physical deformity. Boys are more likely to be victims of physical bullying while girls are more likely to be bullied indirectly.[58] Low levels of self-esteem has been identified as a frequent antecedent of bullying victimization. Victims of traditional bullying tend to have lower global, social, body-related, and emotional self-esteem compared to uninvolved students.[49][59][60][61][62] Victims of cyberbullying, on the other hand, may not have lower self-esteem scores than uninvolved students but might have higher body-related self-esteem than both victims of traditional bullying and bullies.[49] It has also been shown that victims are more likely to employ self-defeating or self-deprecating humor intended to entertain others at the expense of themselves and their own feelings.[63] The results of a meta-analysis conducted by Cook and published by the American Psychological Association in 2010 concluded the main risk factors for children and adolescents being bullied, and also for becoming bullies, are the lack of social problem-solving skills.[44] Children who are bullied often show physical or emotional signs, such as: being afraid to attend school, complaining of headaches or a loss of appetite, a lack of interest in school activities, spending time with friends or family, reluctance to go out in public for fear they may encounter their bullies in public places other than school, and having an overall sense of sadness. Effects Unbalanced scales.svg This section may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help to create a more balanced presentation. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. (May 2014) Mona O'Moore of the Anti-Bullying Centre at Trinity College in Dublin, has written, "There is a growing body of research which indicates that individuals, whether child or adult, who are persistently subjected to abusive behavior are at risk of stress related illness which can sometimes lead to suicide"[64] Those who have been the targets of bullying can develop long-term emotional and behavioral problems. Bullying can cause loneliness, depression, anxiety, lead to low self-esteem and increased susceptibility to illness.[65] Bullying has also been shown to cause maladjustment in young children, and targets of bullying who were also bullies themselves exhibit even greater social difficulties.[49][66] A mental health report also found that bullying was linked to eating disorders, anxiety, body dysmorphia and other negative psychological effects.[67] Both victims and perpetrators have been shown to exhibit higher levels of loneliness.[49] Suicide Main articles: Bullying and suicide and List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying Even though there is evidence that bullying increases the risk of suicide, bullying alone does not cause suicide. Depression is one of the main reasons why kids who are bullied die by suicide.[68] It is estimated that between 15 and 25 children die by suicide every year in the UK alone because they are being bullied.[69] Certain groups seem to incur a higher risk for suicide, such as Native Americans, Alaskan Natives, Asian Americans, and LGBT people. When someone feels unsupported by family or friends, it can make the situation much worse for the victim.[70] In a self-report study completed in New York by 9th through 12th graders, victims of bullying reported more depressive symptoms and psychological distress than those who did not experience bullying.[71] All types of involvement in bullying among both boys and girls is associated with depression even a couple years later.[72] Another study that followed up with Finnish teens two years after the initial survey showed that depression and suicidal ideation is higher with teens who are bullied than those who did not report experiencing bullying.[72] A Dutch longitudinal study on elementary students reported that boys who are bully-victims, who play both roles of a victim and a bully, were more likely to experience depression or serious suicidal ideation than the other roles, victims or bullies only, while girls who have any involvement in bullying have a higher level of risk for depression.[73] In a study of high school students completed in Boston, students who self reported being victims of bullying were more likely to consider suicide when compared to youth who did not report being bullied.[74] The same study also showed a higher risk of suicidal consideration in youth who report being a perpetrator, victim, or victim-perpetrator. Victims and victim-bullies are associated with a higher risk of suicide attempts. The place where youth live also appears to differentiate their bullying experiences such that those living in more urban areas who reported both being bullied and bullying others appear to show higher risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.[74] A national survey given to American 6th through 10th grade students found that cyberbullying victims experience a higher level of depression than victims experiencing other forms of bullying. This can be related to the anonymity behind social media.[75] If a teen is being bullied and is displaying symptoms of depression it should be questioned and interventions should be implemented.[72] The Danish study showed that kids who are bullied talked to their parents and teachers about it and some reported a decrease in bullying or a stop in the bullying after a teacher or parent intervened. The study emphasizes the importance of implementing program-collaborations in schools to have programs and anti-bullying interventions in place to prevent and properly intervene when it occurs.[73] The study also shows the importance of having parents and teachers talk to the bullies about their bullying behavior in order to provide the necessary support for those experiencing bullying.[73] While some people find it very easy to ignore a bully, others may find it very difficult and reach a breaking point. There have been cases of apparent bullying suicides that have been reported closely by the media. These include the deaths of Ryan Halligan, Phoebe Prince, Dawn-Marie Wesley, Nicola Ann Raphael, Megan Meier, Audrie Pott, Tyler Clementi, Jamey Rodemeyer, Kenneth Weishuhn, Jadin Bell, Kelly Yeomans, Rehtaeh Parsons, Amanda Todd, Brodie Panlock,[76] Jessica Haffer,[77] Hamed Nastoh,[78] Sladjana Vidovic,[79] April Himes,[80] Cherice Moralez[81] and Rebecca Ann Sedwick.[82] According to the suicide awareness voices for education, suicide is one of the leading causes of death for youth from 15 to 24 years old. Over 16 percent of students seriously consider suicide, 13 percent create a plan, and 8 percent have made a serious attempt.[83] Strength and wisdom Some have argued that bullying can teach life lessons and instill strength. Helene Guldberg, a child development academic, sparked controversy when she argued that being a target of bullying can teach a child "how to manage disputes and boost their ability to interact with others", and that teachers should not intervene but leave children to respond to the bullying themselves.[84] Others, however, have pointed out that this is only true for normal peer conflicts but not for bullying cases.[85] The teaching of anti-bullying coping skills to children, carers and teachers has been found to be an effective long-term means of reducing bullying incidence rates and a valuable skill-set for individuals.[86] Testosterone production Statistically controlling for age and pubertal status, results indicated that on average verbally bullied girls produced less testosterone, and verbally bullied boys produced more testosterone than their nonbullied counterparts.[87] Dark triad Main article: Dark triad Research on the dark triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) indicate a correlation with bullying as part of evidence of the aversive nature of those traits.[88] Projection Main article: Psychological projection A bully may project his/her own feelings of vulnerability onto the target(s) of the bullying activity. Despite the fact that a bully's typically denigrating activities are aimed at the bully's targets, the true source of such negativity is ultimately almost always found in the bully's own sense of personal insecurity and/or vulnerability.[89] Such aggressive projections of displaced negative emotions can occur anywhere from the micro-level of interpersonal relationships, all the way up through to the macro-level of international politics, or even international armed conflict.[90] Emotional intelligence Main article: Bullying and emotional intelligence Bullying is abusive social interaction between peers which can include aggression, harassment, and violence. Bullying is typically repetitive and enacted by those who are in a position of power over the victim. A growing body of research illustrates a significant relationship between bullying and emotional intelligence (EI). Mayer et al., (2008) defines the dimensions of overall EI as "accurately perceiving emotion, using emotions to facilitate thought, understanding emotion, and managing emotion".[91] The concept combines emotional and intellectual processes.[92] Lower emotional intelligence appears to be related to involvement in bullying, as the bully and/or the victim of bullying. EI seems to play an important role in both bullying behavior and victimization in bullying; given that EI is illustrated to be malleable, EI education could greatly improve bullying prevention and intervention initiatives.[93] Context Internet Main article: Cyberbullying Cyberbullying is any bullying done through the use of technology. This form of bullying can easily go undetected because of lack of authoritative (including parental) supervision.[94] Because bullies can pose as someone else, it is the most anonymous form of bullying.[95] Cyberbullying includes abuse using email, instant messaging, text messaging, websites, and social networking sites.[96] Particular watchdog organizations have been designed to contain the spread of cyberbullying.[97] Disability Main article: Disability bullying Disabled people are disproportionately affected by bullying and abuse, and such activity has been cited as a hate crime.[98] The bullying is not limited to those who are visibly disabled, such as wheelchair users or physically deformed such as those with a cleft lip, but also those with developmental disabilities such as autism[99][100] and developmental coordination disorder.[101][102] There is an additional problem that those with learning disabilities are often not as able to explain things to other people, so are more likely to be disbelieved or ignored if they do complain.[citation needed] Homosexuality Main article: Gay bashing Gay bullying and gay bashing designate direct or indirect verbal or physical actions by a person or group against someone who is gay or lesbian, or perceived to be so due to rumors or because they are considered to fit gay stereotypes. Gay and lesbian youth are more likely than straight youth to report bullying, as well as be bullied.[103][104] Law Main article: Legal abuse Legal bullying is the bringing of a vexatious legal action to control and punish a person. Legal bullying can often take the form of frivolous, repetitive, or burdensome lawsuits brought to intimidate the defendant into submitting to the litigant's request, not because of the legal merit of the litigant's position, but principally due to the defendant's inability to maintain the legal battle. This can also take the form of Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP). It was partially concern about the potential for this kind of abuse that helped to fuel the protests against SOPA and PIPA in the United States in 2011 and 2012.[citation needed] Military Main articles: Bullying in the military and Dedovshchina In 2000, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) defined bullying as "the use of physical strength or the abuse of authority to intimidate or victimize others, or to give unlawful punishments".[105] Some argue that this behaviour should be allowed, due to ways in which "soldiering" is different from other occupations. Soldiers expected to risk their lives should, according to them, develop strength of body and spirit to accept bullying.[106] Parenting See also: Child abuse, Narcissistic parent, and Parental narcissistic abuse Parents who may displace their anger, insecurity, or a persistent need to dominate and control upon their children in excessive ways have been proven to increase the likelihood that their own children will in turn become overly aggressive or controlling towards their peers.[107] The American Psychological Association advises on its website that parents who may suspect their own children may be engaging in bullying activities among their peers should carefully consider the examples which they themselves may be setting for their own children regarding how they typically interact with their own peers, colleagues, and children.[108] Prison Main article: Prisoner abuse The prison environment is known for bullying. An additional complication is the staff and their relationships with the inmates. Thus, the following possible bullying scenarios are possible: Inmate bullies inmate (echoing school bullying) Staff bullies inmate Staff bullies staff (a manifestation of workplace bullying) Inmate bullies staff School Main article: School bullying A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention graphic presenting school anti-bullying guidelines. It is important to distinguish school bullying that per definition has the goal of harming the victim from normal peer conflict that is an inherent part of everyday school life and often promotes social development.[109] Unlike normal conflict, bullying is a systematic and repeated abuse committed intentionally by another student who has more power (physical, social, or otherwise). Bullying can occur in nearly any part in or around the school building, although it may occur more frequently during physical education classes and activities such as recess. Bullying also takes place in school hallways, bathrooms, on school buses and while waiting for buses, and in classes that require group work and/or after school activities. Bullying in school sometimes consists of a group of students taking advantage of or isolating one student in particular and gaining the loyalty of bystanders who want to avoid becoming the next target. In the 2011 documentary Bully, we see first hand the torture that kids go through both in school and while on the school bus. As the movie follows around a few kids we see how bullying affects them both at school as well as in their homes. While bullying has no age limit, these bullies may taunt and tease their target before finally physically bullying them. Bystanders typically choose to either participate or watch, sometimes out of fear of becoming the next target. Teachers play an important role in bullying prevention and intervention because they are the adults who spend most of their time with the students.[110][111] Bullying can, however, also be perpetrated by teachers and the school system itself; there is an inherent power differential in the system that can easily predispose to subtle or covert abuse (relational aggression or passive aggression), humiliation, or exclusion—even while maintaining overt commitments to anti-bullying policies.[112][113][114] In 2016, in Canada, a North American legal precedent was set by a mother and her son, after the son was bullied in his public school. The mother and son won a court case against the Ottawa-Carleton District School Board, making this the first case in North America where a school board has been found negligent in a bullying case for failing to meet the standard of care (the "duty of care" that the school board owes to its students). Thus, it sets a precedent of a school board being found liable in negligence for harm caused to a child, because they failed to protect a child from the bullying actions of other students. There has been only one other similar bullying case and it was won in Australia in 2013 (Oyston v. St. Patricks College, 2013).[115] Heterosexuality Main article: Sexual bullying See also: Slut-shaming Sexual bullying is "any bullying behaviour, whether physical or non-physical, that is based on a person's sexuality or gender. It is when sexuality or gender is used as a weapon by boys or girls towards other boys or girls – although it is more commonly directed at girls. It can be carried out to a person's face, behind their back or through the use of technology."[116] Transsexuality Main article: Trans bashing Trans bashing is the act of victimizing a person physically, sexually, or verbally because they are transgender or transsexual.[117] Unlike gay bashing, it is committed because of the target's actual or perceived gender identity, not sexual orientation. Work Main article: Workplace bullying Workplace bullying occurs when an employee experiences a persistent pattern of mistreatment from others in the workplace that causes harm.[118] Workplace bullying can include such tactics as verbal, nonverbal, psychological, physical abuse and humiliation. This type of workplace aggression is particularly difficult because, unlike the typical forms of school bullying, workplace bullies often operate within the established rules and policies of their organization and their society. Bullying in the workplace is in the majority of cases reported as having been perpetrated by someone in authority over the target. Bullies can also be peers, and occasionally can be subordinates.[119] The first known documented use of "workplace bullying" is in 1992 in a book by Andrea Adams called Bullying at Work: How to Confront and Overcome It.[120][121] Research has also investigated the impact of the larger organizational context on bullying as well as the group-level processes that impact on the incidence, and maintenance of bullying behavior.[122] Bullying can be covert or overt. It may be missed by superiors or known by many throughout the organization. Negative effects are not limited to the targeted individuals, and may lead to a decline in employee morale and a change in organizational culture.[10] A Cochrane Collaboration systematic review has found very low quality evidence to suggest that organizational and individual interventions may prevent bullying behaviors in the workplace.[123] Academia Main article: Bullying in academia Bullying in academia is workplace bullying of scholars and staff in academia, especially places of higher education such as colleges and universities. It is believed to be common, although has not received as much attention from researchers as bullying in some other contexts.[124] Blue-collar jobs Bullying has been identified as prominent in blue-collar jobs, including on oil rigs and in mechanic shops and machine shops. It is thought that intimidation and fear of retribution cause decreased incident reports. In industry sectors dominated by males, typically of little education, where disclosure of incidents are seen as effeminate, reporting in the socioeconomic and cultural milieu of such industries would likely lead to a vicious circle. This is often used in combination with manipulation and coercion of facts to gain favour among higher-ranking administrators.[125] Information technology Main article: Bullying in information technology A culture of bullying is common in information technology (IT), leading to high sickness rates, low morale, poor productivity, and high staff-turnover.[126] Deadline-driven project work and stressed-out managers take their toll on IT workers.[127] Courts Main article: Bullying in the legal profession Bullying in the legal profession is believed to be more common than in some other professions. It is believed that its adversarial, hierarchical tradition contributes towards this.[128] Women, trainees and solicitors who have been qualified for five years or less are more affected, as are ethnic minority lawyers and lesbian, gay and bisexual lawyers.[129] Medicine Main articles: Bullying in medicine and Bullying in nursing Bullying in the medical profession is common, particularly of student or trainee doctors and of nurses. It is thought that this is at least in part an outcome of conservative traditional hierarchical structures and teaching methods in the medical profession, which may result in a bullying cycle. Even though The American Nurses Association believes that all nursing personnel have the right to work in safe, non-abusive environments, bullying has been identified as being particularly prevalent in the nursing profession although the reasons are not clear. It is thought that relational aggression (psychological aspects of bullying such as gossiping and intimidation) are relevant. Relational aggression has been studied among girls but not so much among adult women.[127][130] Teaching Main article: Bullying in teaching School teachers are commonly the subject of bullying but they are also sometimes the originators of bullying within a school environment. Machines Children have been observed bullying anthropomorphic robots designed to assist the elderly. Their attacks start with blocking the robots' paths of movement and then escalate to verbal abuse, hitting and destroying the object. Seventy-five percent of the kids interviewed perceived the robot as "human-like" yet decided to abuse it anyway, while 35% of the kids who beat up the robot did so "for enjoyment".[131] Prevention Bullying prevention is the collective effort to prevent, reduce and stop bullying.[132] Many campaigns and events are designated to bullying prevention throughout the world. Bullying prevention campaigns and events include Anti-Bullying Day, Anti-Bullying Week, International Day of Pink, International STAND UP to Bullying Day and National Bullying Prevention Month. Anti-bullying laws in the U.S. have also been enacted in 23 of its 50 states, making bullying in schools illegal.[133] Responses Bullying is typically ongoing and not isolated behaviour. Common responses are to try to ignore it, to confront the bullies, or to turn to an authority figure. Ignoring it often does nothing to stop the bullying continuing, and it can become worse over time.[134] It can be important to address bullying behaviour early on, as it can be easier to control the earlier it is detected.[135] Bystanders play an important role in responding to bullying, as doing nothing can encourage it to continue, while small steps that oppose the behaviour can reduce it.[136] Authority figures can play an important role, such as parents or teachers in child or adolescent situations, or supervisors, human-resources staff or parent-bodies in workplace and volunteer settings. In the school context, teachers who set clear boundaries, communicate seriously that bullying behavior is unacceptable and will not be tolerated, and involve school administrators have been shown to reduce bullying.[137] Discussing bullying and its consequences with the whole class is also an important intervention that not only reduces bullying, but also encourages other students to step in and stop bullying even before it reaches its full form.[138] In general, authority figures can be influential in recognising and stopping bullying behaviour, and creating an environment that does not encourage or promote bullying.[139][140] In many situations, authority figures are untrained and unqualified, do not know how to respond, and can make the situation worse.[141] In some cases the authority figures even support the people doing the bullying, facilitating it continuing and increasing the isolation and marginalising of the target.[142] Some of the most effective ways to respond are to recognise that harmful behaviour is taking place, and to create an environment where it will not continue.[143] See also Abuse Abusive power and control Bashing (pejorative) Brodie's Law (act) Bully (2011 film) Bullying and suicide Bullying of students in higher education Discrimination Harassment Hate crime Hazing Mobbing Passive-aggressive behavior Psychological trauma Relational aggression Scapegoating Social dominance orientation Social exclusion Social media and suicide Social rejection Social undermining Taunting Teasing The Bully: A Discussion and Activity Story (book) Victimisation Workplace bullying References